Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are ideal inorganic nanophotothermal agents with unique characteristics, including local surface plasmon resonance effects, easy scale preparation and functional modification, and good biocompatibility. This review summarizes several recent advances in AuNRs-based photothermal therapy (PTT) research. Functionalized AuNRs photothermal agents have optimized biocompatibility and targeting properties. The multifunctional AuNRs nanoplatform composite structure meets the requirements for synergistic effects of PTT, photoacoustic imaging, and other therapeutic methods. Photothermal therapy with AuNRs (AuNRs-PTT) is widely used to treat tumors and inflammatory diseases; its tumor-targeting, tumor metastasis inhibition, and photothermal tumor ablation abilities have remarkable curative effects. An in-depth study of AuNRs in living systems and the interactions between biological structure, nanomaterial, and near-infrared irradiation could lay the foundation for further clinical research and the broad application of AuNRs in PTT.

金纳米棒（AuNRs）是理想的无机纳米光热剂，具有局部表面等离子共振效应、易于规模化制备和功能修饰、良好的生物相容性等特点。这篇综述总结了基于 AuNRs 的光热疗法 (PTT) 研究的一些最新进展。功能化的 AuNRs 光热剂具有优化的生物相容性和靶向特性。多功能AuNRs纳米平台复合结构满足PTT、光声成像等治疗方法协同效应的要求。AuNRs光热疗法（AuNRs-PTT）广泛用于治疗肿瘤和炎症性疾病；其靶向肿瘤、抑制肿瘤转移和光热消融肿瘤具有显着的疗效。