Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113906 Xiaojing Jia 1 , Xingtai Mao 1 , Ying Zhou 1 , Xuan Guo 1 , Narma Huai 1 , Ying Hu 1 , Libei Sun 1 , Jilong Guo 1 , Zhaobin Zhang 1
Identifying chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties linked to disease outcomes is a key concern, as stated in the WHO-UNEP 2012 report on endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The chemical 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene (BPEF) is widely and increasingly applied in synthesizing fluorene-based cardo polymers with superior optical, thermal and mechanical properties for various uses. However, little toxicological information is available regarding its safety. Here, we studied the endocrine disrupting property of BPEF by multiple toxicological tools and investigated its effects on female development in adolescent mice. Using the yeast two-hybrid bioassay, BPEF showed strong antiestrogenicity which was similar to that of tamoxifen, an effective antiestrogenic drug. In adolescent CD-1 mice, BPEF significantly decreased the uterine weight at relatively low doses and induced marked endometrial atrophy. Immunohistochemical staining and transcriptome analyses of the mice uteri revealed that BPEF could repressed the expressions of estrogen-responsive genes. Molecular simulation indicated that BPEF could be docked into the antagonist pocket of human estrogen receptor α, and the formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between BPEF and the active site of receptor maintained their strong binding. All of the data demonstrated that BPEF possessed strong antiestrogenic property and might disrupt female development, suggesting it should be avoided in making products that might directly expose to people, particularly immature women.
中文翻译:
9,9-双[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]芴 (BPEF) 的抗雌激素特性及其对 CD-1 小鼠雌性发育的影响
正如世卫组织-环境署 2012 年关于内分泌干扰化学品的报告所述,识别具有与疾病结果相关的内分泌干扰特性的化学品是一个关键问题。化学 9,9-双[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]芴 (BPEF) 广泛且越来越多地用于合成具有优异光学、热学和机械性能的芴基cardo聚合物,用于各种用途。然而,关于其安全性的毒理学信息很少。在这里,我们通过多种毒理学工具研究了 BPEF 的内分泌干扰特性,并研究了其对青春期小鼠雌性发育的影响。使用酵母双杂交生物测定法,BPEF 显示出与他莫昔芬(一种有效的抗雌激素药物)相似的强抗雌激素作用。在青春期 CD-1 小鼠中,BPEF 在相对较低的剂量下显着降低了子宫重量并诱导了明显的子宫内膜萎缩。小鼠子宫的免疫组织化学染色和转录组分析表明,BPEF 可以抑制雌激素反应基因的表达。分子模拟表明,BPEF可以与人雌激素受体α的拮抗剂口袋对接,BPEF与受体活性位点之间的氢键形成和疏水相互作用维持了它们的强结合。所有数据都表明,BPEF 具有很强的抗雌激素特性,可能会扰乱女性发育,这表明在制造可能直接暴露于人类,尤其是未成熟女性的产品时,应避免使用它。小鼠子宫的免疫组织化学染色和转录组分析表明,BPEF 可以抑制雌激素反应基因的表达。分子模拟表明,BPEF可以与人雌激素受体α的拮抗剂口袋对接,BPEF与受体活性位点之间的氢键形成和疏水相互作用维持了它们的强结合。所有数据都表明,BPEF 具有很强的抗雌激素特性,可能会扰乱女性发育,这表明在制造可能直接暴露于人类,尤其是未成熟女性的产品时,应避免使用它。小鼠子宫的免疫组织化学染色和转录组分析表明,BPEF 可以抑制雌激素反应基因的表达。分子模拟表明,BPEF可以与人雌激素受体α的拮抗剂口袋对接,BPEF与受体活性位点之间的氢键形成和疏水相互作用维持了它们的强结合。所有数据都表明,BPEF 具有很强的抗雌激素特性,可能会扰乱女性发育,这表明在制造可能直接暴露于人类,尤其是未成熟女性的产品时,应避免使用它。分子模拟表明,BPEF可以与人雌激素受体α的拮抗剂口袋对接,BPEF与受体活性位点之间的氢键形成和疏水相互作用维持了它们的强结合。所有数据都表明,BPEF 具有很强的抗雌激素特性,可能会扰乱女性发育,这表明在制造可能直接暴露于人类,尤其是未成熟女性的产品时,应避免使用它。分子模拟表明,BPEF可以与人雌激素受体α的拮抗剂口袋对接,BPEF与受体活性位点之间的氢键形成和疏水相互作用维持了它们的强结合。所有数据都表明,BPEF 具有很强的抗雌激素特性,可能会扰乱女性发育,这表明在制造可能直接暴露于人类,尤其是未成熟女性的产品时,应避免使用它。