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Applications of the versatile CRISPR-Cas13 RNA targeting system
WIREs RNA ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-22 , DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1694
Martyna Kordyś 1 , Raneet Sen , Zbigniew Warkocki
Affiliation  

CRISPR-Cas are adaptable natural prokaryotic defense systems that act against invading viruses and plasmids. Among the six currently known major CRISPR-Cas types, the type VI CRISPR-Cas13 is the only one known to exclusively bind and cleave foreign RNA. Within the last couple of years, this system has been adapted to serve numerous, and sometimes not obvious, applications, including some that might be developed as effective molecular therapies. Indeed, Cas13 has been adapted to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In a cell-free environment, Cas13 has been used in the development of highly specific, sensitive, multiplexing-capable, and field-adaptable detection tools. Importantly, Cas13 can be reprogrammed and applied to eukaryotes to either combat pathogenic RNA viruses or in the regulation of gene expression, facilitating the knockdown of mRNA, circular RNA, and noncoding RNA. Furthermore, Cas13 has been harnessed for in vivo RNA modifications including programmable regulation of alternative splicing, A-to-I and C to U editing, and m6A modifications. Finally, approaches allowing for the detection and characterization of RNA-interacting proteins have also been demonstrated. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the applications utilizing CRISPR-Cas13 that illustrate its versatility. We also discuss the most important limitations of the CRISPR-Cas13-based technologies, and controversies regarding them.

中文翻译:

多功能 CRISPR-Cas13 RNA 靶向系统的应用

CRISPR-Cas 是适应性强的天然原核防御系统,可对抗入侵的病毒和质粒。在目前已知的六种主要 CRISPR-Cas 类型中,VI 型 CRISPR-Cas13 是唯一已知的专门结合和切割外源 RNA 的类型。在过去的几年里,这个系统已经适应了许多,有时并不明显的应用,包括一些可能被开发为有效的分子疗法的应用。事实上,Cas13 已经适应杀死抗生素抗性细菌。在无细胞环境中,Cas13 已被用于开发高度特异性、灵敏、多路复用和现场适应性检测工具。重要的是,Cas13 可以重新编程并应用于真核生物,以对抗致病性 RNA 病毒或调节基因表达,促进 mRNA 的敲低,环状RNA和非编码RNA。此外,Cas13 已被用于体内RNA 修饰,包括可变剪接的可编程调节、A-to-I 和 C to U 编辑以及 m6A 修饰。最后,还证明了允许检测和表征 RNA 相互作用蛋白的方法。在这里,我们提供了使用 CRISPR-Cas13 的应用程序的全面概述,以说明其多功能性。我们还讨论了基于 CRISPR-Cas13 的技术的最重要限制,以及有关它们的争议。
更新日期:2021-09-22
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