Global seismographic networks (GSNs) emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, facilitated by seminal international developments in theory, technology, instrumentation, and data exchange. The mid- to late-twentieth century saw the creation of the World-Wide Standardized Seismographic Network (1961) and International Deployment of Accelerometers (1976), which advanced global geographic coverage as seismometer bandwidth increased greatly allowing for the recording of the Earth's principal seismic spectrum. The modern era of global observations and rapid data access began during the 1980s, and notably included the inception of the GEOSCOPE initiative (1982) and GSN (1988). Through continual improvements, GEOSCOPE and the GSN have realized near-real time recording of ground motion with state-of-art data quality, dynamic range, and timing precision to encompass 180 seismic stations, many in very remote locations. Data from GSNs are increasingly integrated with other geophysical data (e.g., space geodesy, infrasound and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar). Globally distributed seismic data are critical to resolving crust, mantle, and core structure; illuminating features of the plate tectonic and mantle convection system; rapid characterization of earthquakes; identification of potential tsunamis; global nuclear test verification; and provide sensitive proxies for environmental changes. As the global geosciences community continues to advance our understanding of Earth structure and processes controlling elastic wave propagation, GSN infrastructure offers a springboard to realize increasingly multi-instrument geophysical observatories. Here, we review the historical, scientific, and monitoring heritage of GSNs, summarize key discoveries, and discuss future associated opportunities for Earth Science.

中文翻译：

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地球物理连续观测30年全球宽带地震台网成果与展望

全球地震网络 (GSN) 出现在 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初，这得益于理论、技术、仪器和数据交换方面的开创性国际发展。20 世纪中后期，世界标准化地震台网（1961 年）和加速度计国际部署（1976 年）的建立，随着地震计带宽的大幅增加，可以记录地球的主要地震，从而推进了全球地理覆盖。光谱。全球观测和快速数据访问的现代时代始于 1980 年代，特别是包括 GEOSCOPE 倡议 (1982) 和 GSN (1988) 的启动。通过不断的改进，GEOSCOPE 和 GSN 已经实现了近乎实时的地面运动记录，具有最先进的数据质量，动态范围和计时精度涵盖 180 个地震台站，其中许多位于非常偏远的位置。来自 GSN 的数据越来越多地与其他地球物理数据（例如，空间大地测量、次声和干涉合成孔径雷达）相结合。全球分布的地震数据对于解析地壳、地幔和核心结构至关重要；板块构造和地幔对流系统的照明特征；地震的快速表征；识别潜在的海啸；全球核试验验证；并为环境变化提供敏感的代理。随着全球地球科学界不断推进我们对地球结构和控制弹性波传播过程的理解，GSN 基础设施为实现越来越多的多仪器地球物理观测站提供了一个跳板。这里，