Gas storage and separation plays the most critically vital role in the utilization of energy resources and the petrochemical industry in modern society. The development of industry and technology has brought higher requirements and challenges to energy gas storage and hydrocarbon separation technology. Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as one of the emerging porous crystalline materials with ultra-high specific surface area, are constructed via metal ions/clusters and organic linkers, which can be tailored for pore size and function, not only suitable for high-density storage of energy-related gases, but also the ability to separate target gases from hydrocarbon mixtures through host-guest interactions or sieving effects, resulting in low-energy footprint separations. This critical review summarizes recent advances in MOFs for hydrogen, methane, and acetylene storage, as well as carbon dioxide capture and light hydrocarbon separation. We mainly outline three feasible strategies for constructing efficient MOF adsorbents: high porosity, optimal framework structure and porosity, and functional group modification, discuss their representative examples, and highlight material design strategies and the structure-property relationship. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on the potential challenges and prospects for future progress of gas storage and separation in MOFs from laboratory scale to practical industrial implementation.

储气分离在现代社会的能源资源利用和石油化工中起着最关键的作用。工业和技术的发展对能源储气和烃类分离技术提出了更高的要求和挑战。多孔配位聚合物（PCPs）或金属有机骨架（MOFs）作为新兴的具有超高比表面积的多孔晶体材料之一，是通过金属离子/簇和有机连接体构建的，可以根据孔径和尺寸进行定制。功能，不仅适用于能量相关气体的高密度存储，而且还能够通过主客体相互作用或筛分效应将目标气体与烃混合物分离，从而实现低能量足迹分离。这篇批判性综述总结了 MOF 在氢气、甲烷和乙炔储存以及二氧化碳捕获和轻烃分离方面的最新进展。我们主要概述了构建高效 MOF 吸附剂的三种可行策略：高孔隙率、最佳骨架结构和孔隙率以及官能团改性，讨论了它们的代表性例子，并强调了材料设计策略和结构-性能关系。此外，我们展望了 MOF 中气体储存和分离从实验室规模到实际工业实施的未来进展的潜在挑战和前景。我们主要概述了构建高效 MOF 吸附剂的三种可行策略：高孔隙率、最佳骨架结构和孔隙率以及官能团改性，讨论了它们的代表性例子，并强调了材料设计策略和结构-性能关系。此外，我们展望了 MOF 中气体储存和分离从实验室规模到实际工业实施的未来进展的潜在挑战和前景。我们主要概述了构建高效 MOF 吸附剂的三种可行策略：高孔隙率、最佳骨架结构和孔隙率以及官能团改性，讨论了它们的代表性例子，并强调了材料设计策略和结构-性能关系。此外，我们展望了 MOF 中气体储存和分离从实验室规模到实际工业实施的未来进展的潜在挑战和前景。