Tire wear particles (TWPs), which are among the microplastic pollutants in the environment, can inevitably accumulate in coastal sediments. The present study comprehensively investigated the effect of pristine TWPs on bacterial community structure in coastal sediments and compared the effect of pristine TWPs and aged TWPs on nine strains of bacteria in sediments. In addition, the effect of the TWP leachate was studied with all the nine bacterial strains and the toxicity-causing substances in the leachate was investigated using Bacillus subtilis. Exposure to TWPs could lead to a shift in bacteria community and affect nitrogen metabolism in marine sediments. Aged TWPs were more toxic than pristine TWPs due to changes in particle surface characteristics. The leachate exhibited greater toxicity than TWPs as well, and Zn was identified to be the major toxicity-causing substance. The overall results of this study are important for understanding the effects of TWPs and the leachates on microorganisms in marine sediments.

轮胎磨损颗粒（TWPs）是环境中的微塑料污染物之一，不可避免地会在沿海沉积物中积累。本研究全面调查了原始 TWPs 对沿海沉积物中细菌群落结构的影响，并比较了原始 TWPs 和老化 TWPs 对沉积物中 9 种细菌的影响。此外，用所有九种菌株研究了TWP渗滤液的作用，并用枯草芽孢杆菌研究了渗滤液中的致毒物质。. 暴露于 TWP 可能导致细菌群落的变化并影响海洋沉积物中的氮代谢。由于颗粒表面特性的变化，老化的 TWP 比原始 TWP 的毒性更大。渗滤液也表现出比 TWP 更大的毒性，并且确定 Zn 是主要的毒性物质。本研究的总体结果对于了解 TWP 和渗滤液对海洋沉积物中微生物的影响具有重要意义。