The frequent use of insecticides to manage soybean aphids, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the United States has contributed to field-evolved resistance. Pyrethroid-resistant aphids have nonsynonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc). We identified a leucine to phenylalanine mutation at position 1014 (L1014F) and a methionine to isoleucine mutation (M918I) of the A. glycines vgsc, both suspected of conferring knockdown resistance (kdr) to lambda-cyhalothrin. We developed molecular markers to identify these mutations in insecticide-resistant aphids. We determined that A. glycines which survived exposure to a diagnostic concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin via glass-vial bioassays had these mutations, and showed significant changes in the resistance allele frequency between samples collected before and after field application of lambda-cyhalothrin. Thus, a strong association was revealed between aphids with L1014F and M918I vgsc mutations and survival following exposure to pyrethroids. Specifically, the highest survival was observed for aphids with the kdr (L1014F) and heterozygote super-kdr (L1014F + M918I) genotypes following laboratory bioassays and in-field application of lambda-cyhalothrin. These genetic markers could be used as a diagnostic tool for detecting insecticide-resistant A. glycines and monitoring the geographic distribution of pyrethroid resistance. We discuss how generating these types of data could improve our efforts to mitigate the effects of pyrethroid resistance on crop production.

在美国，频繁使用杀虫剂来控制大豆蚜虫（半翅目：蚜科），导致了田间抗药性的进化。拟除虫菊酯抗性蚜虫在电压门控钠通道 ( vgsc ) 中存在非同义突变。我们在甘氨酸vgsc的1014位（L1014F）处发现了亮氨酸到苯丙氨酸的突变，以及甲硫氨酸到异亮氨酸的突变（M918I），这两种突变都被怀疑赋予了对高效氯氟氰菊酯的击倒抗性（ kdr ）。我们开发了分子标记来识别抗杀虫剂蚜虫的这些突变。我们通过玻璃瓶生物测定确定，在暴露于诊断浓度的高效氯氟氰菊酯和联苯菊酯后存活下来的甘氨酸具有这些突变，并且在现场施用高效氯氟氰菊酯之前和之后收集的样品之间显示出抗性等位基因频率的显着变化。因此，具有 L1014F 和 M918I vgsc突变的蚜虫与接触拟除虫菊酯后的存活率之间存在很强的相关性。具体而言，在实验室生物测定和现场应用高效氯氟氰菊酯后，观察到具有kdr (L1014F) 和杂合子超级 kdr (L1014F + M918I) 基因型的蚜虫的存活率最高。这些遗传标记可用作检测抗杀虫剂甘氨酸和监测拟除虫菊酯抗性地理分布的诊断工具。我们讨论生成这些类型的数据如何能够改善我们减轻拟除虫菊酯抗性对作物生产的影响的努力。