ABSTRACT

Living with cultural, religious, and ideological diversity inevitably creates situations where people are confronted with beliefs, values, or practices that they disapprove of. In such situations, people may consider reasons to nevertheless tolerate what they disapprove of (i.e., forbearance tolerance), or reject these (i.e., intolerance). In the current review, we consider empirical research on the processes of intergroup tolerance and consider different manifestations of (in)tolerance. Then we discuss recent work on the dual process model of tolerance, which considers intuitive versus deliberative objections to cultural, religious, and ideological differences, and how these can be overridden to produce tolerance. We then review literature on the boundaries of tolerance including the role of moralization and moral values, before considering individual difference factors and situations of threat that can hamper intergroup tolerance. We conclude by considering five areas ripe for future exploration on the social psychology of intergroup tolerance and intolerance.

摘要

生活在文化、宗教和意识形态多样性中不可避免地会造成人们面临他们不赞成的信仰、价值观或做法的情况。在这种情况下，人们可能会考虑容忍他们不赞成的事情（即宽容容忍）或拒绝这些（即不宽容）的理由。在当前的审查中，我们考虑了对群体间容忍过程的实证研究，并考虑了（不）容忍的不同表现形式。然后我们讨论最近关于宽容的双重过程模型的工作，该模型考虑了对文化、宗教和意识形态差异的直觉反对和深思熟虑的反对，以及如何克服这些以产生宽容。然后我们回顾关于宽容边界的文献，包括道德化和道德价值观的作用，在考虑可能妨碍群体间容忍度的个体差异因素和威胁情况之前。最后，我们考虑了未来探索群体间宽容和不宽容的社会心理学的五个成熟领域。