Calculations of neutrino–nucleus cross sections begin with the neutrino–nucleon interaction, making the latter critically important to flagship neutrino oscillation experiments despite limited measurements with poor statistics. Alternatively, lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) can be used to determine these interactions from the Standard Model with quantifiable theoretical uncertainties. Recent LQCD results of gAare in excellent agreement with data, and results for the (quasi-)elastic nucleon form factors with full uncertainty budgets are expected within a few years. We review the status of the field and LQCD results for the nucleon axial form factor, FA( Q2), a major source of uncertainty in modeling sub-GeV neutrino–nucleon interactions. Results from different LQCD calculations are consistent but collectively disagree with existing models, with potential implications for current and future neutrino oscillation experiments. We describe a road map to solidify confidence in the LQCD results and discuss future calculations of more complicated processes, which are important to few-GeV neutrino oscillation experiments.

中文翻译：

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核子形状因子的晶格 QCD 测定现状及其与 Few-GeV 中微子计划的相关性


中微子-核横截面的计算从中微子-核子相互作用开始，这使得后者对于旗舰中微子振荡实验至关重要，尽管测量有限且统计数据不佳。或者，晶格量子色动力学 （LQCD） 可用于从具有可量化理论不确定性的标准模型中确定这些相互作用。gAare 最近的 LQCD 结果与数据非常吻合，预计在几年内将获得具有完全不确定性预算的（准）弹性核子形状因子的结果。我们回顾了核子轴向形状因子 FA（Q2） 的场状态和 LQCD 结果，这是建模亚 GeV 中微子-核子相互作用的主要不确定性来源。不同 LQCD 计算的结果是一致的，但与现有模型总体不一致，对当前和未来的中微子振荡实验具有潜在影响。我们描述了一个路线图，以巩固对 LQCD 结果的信心，并讨论了更复杂过程的未来计算，这对小 GeV 中微子振荡实验很重要。