Morchella is a kind of important edible and medicinal fungi, which is rich in polysaccharides, enzymes, fatty acids, amino acids and other active components. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a typical membrane structure, and the vesicles contain some specific lipids, miRNAs and proteins, and their can deliver the contents to different cells to change their functions. The present study investigated whether Morchella produce extracellular vesicles and its anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW246.7 macrophages. The experimental results showed that Morchella produced extracellular vesicles and significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a model of LPS-induced inflammation. In addition, the expression of inflammatory factor-related genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) showed dose-dependent inhibition. Morchella extracellular vesicles also can inhibit the inflammatory response induced by LPS by inhibiting the production of ROS and reducing the phosphorylation levels of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. These results indicate that the Morchella extracellular vesicles can be used as a potential anti-inflammatory substance in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

羊肚菌是一种重要的食用和药用真菌，含有丰富的多糖、酶、脂肪酸、氨基酸等活性成分。细胞外囊泡（EVs）具有典型的膜结构，囊泡中含有一些特定的脂质、miRNAs和蛋白质，它们可以将内容物输送到不同的细胞以改变其功能。本研究调查了羊肚菌是否产生细胞外囊泡及其对脂多糖 (LPS) 诱导的 RAW246.7 巨噬细胞的抗炎作用。实验结果表明，羊肚菌在 LPS 诱导的炎症模型中产生细胞外囊泡并显着减少一氧化氮 (NO) 和活性氧 (ROS) 的产生。此外，诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）和环氧合酶-2（COX-2）等炎症因子相关基因的表达显示剂量依赖性抑制。羊肚菌胞外囊泡还可以通过抑制ROS的产生和降低p38 MAPK信号通路的磷酸化水平来抑制LPS诱导的炎症反应。这些结果表明羊肚菌胞外囊泡可作为一种潜在的抗炎物质用于炎症性疾病的治疗。