This study considers the exposure of the population of the most contaminated Gomel and Mogilev Oblasts in Belarus to prolonged sources of irradiation resulting from the Chernobyl accident. Dose reconstruction methods were developed and applied in this study to estimate the red bone-marrow doses (RBMs) from (i) external irradiation from gamma-emitting radionuclides deposited on the ground and (ii) ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr ingestion with locally produced foodstuffs. The mean population-weighted RBM doses accumulated during 35 years after the Chernobyl accident were 12 and 5.7 mGy for adult residents in Gomel and Mogilev Oblasts, respectively, while doses for youngest age groups were 20–40% lower. The highest mean area-specific RBM doses for adults accumulated in 1986–2021 were 63, 56 and 46 mGy in Narovlya, Vetka and Korma raions in Gomel Oblast, respectively. For most areas, external irradiation was the predominant pathway of exposure (60–70% from the total dose), except for areas with an extremely high aggregated ¹³⁷Cs soil to cow’s milk transfer coefficient (≥ 5.0 Bq L⁻¹ per kBq m⁻²), where the contribution of ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs ingestion to the total RBM dose was more than 70%. The contribution of ⁹⁰Sr intake to the total RBM dose did not exceed 4% for adults and 10% for newborns in most raion in Gomel and Mogilev Oblasts. The validity of the doses estimated in this study was assessed by comparison with doses obtained from measurements by thermoluminescence dosimeters and whole-body counters done in 1987–2015. The methodology developed in this study can be used to calculate doses to target organs other than RBM such as thyroid and breast doses. The age-dependent and population-weighted doses estimated in this study are useful for ecological epidemiological studies, for projection of radiation risk, and for justification of analytical epidemiological studies in populations exposed to Chernobyl fallout.

这项研究考虑了白俄罗斯污染最严重的戈梅利州和莫吉廖夫州的人口长期暴露于切尔诺贝利事故造成的辐射源的情况。^{本研究开发并应用了剂量重建方法，以估计来自（i）沉积在地面上的伽马发射放射性核素的外部照射和（ii）摄入134} Cs、¹³⁷ Cs 和⁹⁰ Sr 的红骨髓剂量（RBM）。当地生产的食品。切尔诺贝利事故发生后 35 年内，戈梅利州和莫吉廖夫州成年居民累积的平均人口加权 RBM 剂量分别为 12 和 5.7 mGy，而最年轻年龄组的剂量则低 20-40%。1986 年至 2021 年，戈梅利州纳罗夫利亚、维特卡和科尔马地区成人累积的最高平均区域特定 RBM 剂量分别为 63、56 和 46 mGy。^{对于大多数地区，外部照射是主要的暴露途径（占总剂量的 60-70%），但土壤中聚集137} Cs 向牛奶转移系数极高的地区除外（≥ 5.0 Bq L ^-1每 kBq m ^{- 2 ），其中134} Cs 和¹³⁷ Cs 摄入量对 RBM 总剂量的贡献超过 70%。^{在戈梅利州和莫吉廖夫州的大部分地区， 90} Sr 摄入量对成人 RBM 总剂量的贡献不超过 4%，对新生儿不超过 10%。通过与 1987-2015 年热释光剂量计和全身计数器测量获得的剂量进行比较，评估了本研究中估计剂量的有效性。本研究开发的方法可用于计算 RBM 以外的靶器官的剂量，例如甲状腺和乳房剂量。本研究中估计的年龄相关剂量和人口加权剂量可用于生态流行病学研究、辐射风险预测以及切尔诺贝利辐射影响人群分析流行病学研究的合理性。