Amassing remarkable properties, silicones are practically indispensable in our everyday life. In most classic applications, they play a passive role in that they cover, seal, insulate, lubricate, water-proof, weather-proof etc. However, silicone science and engineering are highly innovative, seeking to develop new compounds and materials that meet market demands. Thus, the unusual properties of silicones, coupled with chemical group functionalization, has allowed silicones to gradually evolve from passive materials to active ones, meeting the concept of “smart materials”, which are able to respond to external stimuli. In such cases, the intrinsic properties of polysiloxanes are augmented by various chemical modifications aiming to attach reactive or functional groups, and/or by engineering through proper cross-linking pattern or loading with suitable fillers (ceramic, magnetic, highly dielectric or electrically conductive materials, biologically active, etc.), to add new capabilities and develop high value materials. The literature and own data reflecting the state-of-the art in the field of smart silicones, such as thermoplasticity, self-healing ability, surface activity, electromechanical activity and magnetostriction, thermo-, photo-, and piezoresponsivity are reviewed.

中文翻译：

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从被动到新兴的智能有机硅

有机硅具有卓越的性能，在我们的日常生活中几乎是不可或缺的。在大多数经典应用中，它们在覆盖、密封、绝缘、润滑、防水、防风雨等方面发挥被动作用。然而，有机硅科学和工程具有高度创新性，寻求开发符合市场的新化合物和材料需要。因此，有机硅不寻常的特性，加上化学基团的功能化，使有机硅逐渐从被动材料演变为主动材料，符合“智能材料”的概念，能够对外界刺激做出反应。在这种情况下，聚硅氧烷的固有特性通过各种旨在连接反应性或官​​能团的化学改性得到增强，和/或通过适当的交联模式或填充合适的填料（陶瓷、磁性、高介电或导电材料、生物活性材料等）进行工程设计，以增加新功能并开发高价值材料。回顾了反映智能有机硅领域最新技术的文献和自己的数据，例如热塑性、自愈能力、表面活性、机电活性和磁致伸缩、热响应、光响应和压电响应。