The cathode process, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), is crucial for producing green and reliable energy from the reorganization of chemical bonds in fuel cells. However, the application of ORR is limited due to its inefficiency, which can not only be attributed to the linearity of ORR intermediates binding energies (E_b^*OOH, E_b^*O, E_b^*OH) on the catalyst’s active site (represented as *) but also to the serious influences of the watery environment on active sites. In an aqueous environment, catalyst interactions, including covalent, ionic, and van der Waals forces, at the interfacial level are critical in determining the catalytic activity and can considerably alter the kinetics and selectivity of ORR. Therefore, the interfacial confinement's unique properties can provide exciting new possibilities for designing molecular as well as material-based catalysts for ORR. Although several published reviews have focused on developments in interfacial engineering for electrocatalysis, not specifically for ORR, this domain still lacks an inclusive debate on the mechanism of interface structures during ORR. We highlighted the most recent employed strategies for interface structure construction and the role of interfacial interactions during ORR. Finally, the barriers and prospects for the construction of electrocatalysts based on such concepts as control of interfacial interactions, engineering, and technologies are also discussed.

阴极过程，即氧还原反应 (ORR)，对于通过燃料电池中的化学键重组产生绿色和可靠的能量至关重要。然而，ORR 的应用因其效率低下而受到限制，这不仅仅归因于 ORR 中间体结合能（E _b ^*OOH、 E _b ^*O、 E _b ^*OH) 对催化剂活性位点（表示为 *）的影响，但也影响到水环境对活性位点的严重影响。在水性环境中，界面水平的催化剂相互作用（包括共价、离子和范德华力）对于确定催化活性至关重要，并且可以显着改变 ORR 的动力学和选择性。因此，界面限制的独特性质可以为设计用于 ORR 的分子和材料基催化剂提供令人兴奋的新可能性。尽管已发表的几篇评论都集中在电催化界面工程的发展，而不是专门针对 ORR，但该领域仍然缺乏对 ORR 过程中界面结构机制的包容性辩论。我们强调了最近采用的界面结构构建策略以及 ORR 过程中界面相互作用的作用。最后，还讨论了基于界面相互作用控制、工程和技术等概念构建电催化剂的障碍和前景。