The nonradiative recombination induced by trap states at the surface and grain boundaries impedes the further increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Consequently, it is highly desirable to minimize the trap-assisted nonradiative recombination in perovskite films. Here, an effective additive engineering strategy is reported where N-succinimidyl 6-maleimidohexanoate (denoted as NSMH) with multiple active sites and hydrophobic alkyl chains were incorporated for fully eliminating undercoordinated Pb²⁺ traps in perovskite films. It is revealed that improved crystallinity and reduced defect density are achieved, which is ascribed to the strong coordination interaction between the carbonyl groups at both sides of NSMH molecules and Pb²⁺. As a result, the NSMH-modified device exhibits a champion PCE of 22.40% with negligible hysteresis, which is significantly higher than 20.67% of the control device. The unencapsulated modified device exhibits no degradation while the control device degrades to 82% of its initial PCE after storing for 1536 h in a relative humidity of 10–20% at room temperature in the dark.

中文翻译：

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通过双向活性位点添加剂进行晶界化学锚定可实现高效稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池

由表面和晶界处的陷阱态引起的非辐射复合阻碍了钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的功率转换效率（PCE）和稳定性的进一步提高。因此，非常希望最大限度地减少钙钛矿薄膜中的陷阱辅助非辐射复合。在这里，报道了一种有效的添加剂工程策略，其中结合了具有多个活性位点和疏水烷基链的 N-琥珀酰亚胺 6-马来酰亚胺己酸酯（表示为 NSMH），以完全消除钙钛矿薄膜中的配位不足的 Pb ²⁺陷阱。结果表明，提高了结晶度并降低了缺陷密度，这是由于 NSMH 分子两侧的羰基与 Pb ^{2+之间的强配位作用。}. 结果，NSMH 改进的设备表现出 22.40% 的冠军 PCE，滞后可忽略不计，显着高于控制设备的 20.67%。未封装的改性装置没有表现出降解，而对照装置在黑暗中室温下在 10-20% 的相对湿度下储存 1536 小时后降解至其初始 PCE 的 82%。