In this study, enzymatic pretreatment combined with solvent-free microwave extraction (EP-SFME) was used to extract essential oils from fresh leaves of Pelargonium graveolens L′Herit. The effects of hydrodistillation and enzymatic pretreatment combined with solvent-free microwave extraction on the yield and quality of essential oils were compared. The essential oil yield from the EP-SFME method (0.29% ± 0.04%) was 26.09% higher than that from the conventional hydrodistillation method. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis results showed that the content of main components in the essential oil from the EP-SFME method was significantly increased, including citronellol (+8.60%), geraniol (+3.14%), citronellyl formate (+2.77%), and geranic acid (+1.54%). The content of oxygenated compounds was also far higher than that of the hydrodistillation method. The essential oil from the EP-SFME method showed stronger antidepressant potential, as determined by the inhibition rate of acetylcholinesterase (IC₅₀ =73.3 µg/mL). In contrast, the essential oil from the EP-SFME method showed higher comprehensive antimicrobial activity, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida albicans, and antioxidant activity than that from the hydrodistillation method. Therefore, the EP-SFME method is a green and effective method for the extraction of high-quality essential oils from fresh leaves of Pelargonium graveolens L′Herit.

在这项研究中，酶预处理结合无溶剂微波萃取（EP-SFME）用于从天竺葵鲜叶中提取精油。比较了加氢蒸馏和酶法预处理结合无溶剂微波萃取对精油收率和品质的影响。EP-SFME方法的精油收率（0.29%±0.04%）比传统加氢蒸馏方法高26.09%。气相色谱-质谱分析结果表明, EP-SFME 法提取的精油中主要成分含量显着增加, 包括香茅醇(+8.60%)、香叶醇 (+3.14%)、香茅基甲酸酯 (+2.77%) 和香叶酸 (+1.54%)。含氧化合物的含量也远高于加氢蒸馏法。根据乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率 (IC₅₀=73.3 µg/mL)确定，EP-SFME 方法的精油显示出更强的抗抑郁潜力。相比之下，EP-SFME方法的精油综合抗菌活性更高，包括枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和白色念珠菌，和抗氧化活性高于加氢蒸馏法。因此，EP-SFME法是一种从天竺葵鲜叶中提取优质精油的绿色有效方法。