Meloidogyne incognita is a destructive and economically important agricultural pest. Similar to other plant-parasitic nematodes, management of M. incognita relies heavily on chemical controls. As old, broad spectrum, and toxic nematicides leave the market, replacements have entered including fluensulfone, fluazaindolizine, and fluopyram that are plant-parasitic nematode specific in target and less toxic to applicators. However, there is limited research into their modes-of-action and other off-target cellular effects caused by these nematicides in plant-parasitic nematodes. This study aimed to broaden the knowledge about these new nematicides by examining the transcriptional changes in M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) after 24-h exposure to fluensulfone, fluazaindolizine, and fluopyram as well as oxamyl, an older non-fumigant nematicide. Total RNA was extracted and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq to investigate transcriptional changes in the citric acid cycle, the glyoxylate pathway, \(\upbeta\)-fatty acid oxidation pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, and acetylcholine neuron components. Observed transcriptional changes in M. incognita exposed to fluopyram and oxamyl corresponded to their respective modes-of-action. Potential targets for fluensulfone and fluazaindolizine were identified in the \(\upbeta\)-fatty acid oxidation pathway and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase of the citric acid cycle, respectively. This study provides a foundation for understanding how potential nematicide resistance could develop, identifies cellular pathways as potential nematicide targets, and determines targets for confirming unknown modes-of-action.

南方根结线虫是一种破坏性和经济上重要的农业害虫。与其他植物寄生线虫类似，M. incognita的管理在很大程度上依赖于化学控制。随着旧的、广谱和有毒的杀线虫剂离开市场，替代品已经进入市场，包括氟苯砜、氟氮唑嗪和氟吡菌酰胺，它们是针对目标的植物寄生线虫，对施药者的毒性较小。然而，对植物寄生线虫中这些杀线虫剂引起的作用方式和其他脱靶细胞效应的研究有限。本研究旨在通过检查M. incognita的转录变化来拓宽关于这些新杀线虫剂的知识。暴露于氟安砜、氟氮唑嗪和氟吡菌酰胺以及草酰菌胺（一种较老的非熏蒸杀线虫剂）24 小时后的第二阶段幼体 (J2)。使用 Illumina HiSeq 提取和测序总 RNA，以研究柠檬酸循环、乙醛酸途径、\(\upbeta\)-脂肪酸氧化途径、氧化磷酸化和乙酰胆碱神经元成分的转录变化。暴露于氟吡菌酰胺和草酰菌胺的M. incognita中观察到的转录变化对应于它们各自的作用模式。在\(\upbeta\)-脂肪酸氧化途径和柠檬酸循环的2-酮戊二酸脱氢酶，分别。该研究为了解潜在的杀线虫剂抗性如何发展、将细胞途径确定为潜在的杀线虫剂目标以及确定用于确认未知作用模式的目标提供了基础。