Historical Records of Australian Science ( IF 0.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-10 , DOI: 10.1071/hr21014 Libby Robin
The post-war era of the 1940s is known for the birth of global governance, a time when Western nations united in efforts to reconstruct the war-torn world and reflected on the role of science in society. History and philosophy of science (HPS) was one of the early projects that emerged out of the war years. Diana (Ding) Dyason who headed the first HPS department in the southern hemisphere is honoured by this annual lecture, the text of which constitutes this article. Thomas Kuhn’s influential lecture in Oxford in 1961 inspired her work on the history of scientific entanglement with social concerns, and the directions of HPS at the University of Melbourne. Post-war reconstruction was both a local and a national project for every nation, very much in the air in the 1940s, and influential until the 1970s. The Australasian Association of Scientific Workers (AASW) brought together scientists too old to serve, or, in reserved occupations, to undertake their own ‘war effort’ on the question of: ‘What comes next?’ AASW held a planning conference in Sydney in 1944 to ‘formulate a policy on the organisation of science necessary to meet the demands of post-war Australia’. They set out to consider the role of the ‘the scientific method’ in the welfare of society. In particular, they recognised their existing international scientific networks and connections could become valuable for post-war collaborations between different sciences and different nations of benefit to Australia and the world. The idea of ‘the environment’ was one of many that emerged internationally in these ‘world-minded’ times, an idea that focused on the management of nature for the benefit of people using the scientific method. National Parks were a crucial discussion point, bringing together amateur naturalists and professional environmental managers of all sorts in discussions about landscape planning along with international comparative work on reserving places for wild animals and plants. This Dyason Lecture explores the emergence of ‘integrated science’, of science in the service of society, that later included natural resource management, big science, environmental science, earth systems science and climate science. It begins with the tragedy of the ‘dirty thirties’, when soil was in the air, and the scientific response to concerns about feeding the world.
中文翻译:
空气中的土壤
1940年代的战后时代以全球治理的诞生而闻名,这是西方国家联合起来努力重建饱受战争蹂躏的世界并反思科学在社会中的作用的时代。科学史和科学哲学(HPS)是战争年代出现的早期项目之一。南半球第一个 HPS 部门负责人戴安娜(丁)戴森(Diana (Ding) Dyason)受此年度讲座的表彰,其正文构成本文。托马斯·库恩 1961 年在牛津的有影响力的演讲启发了她在墨尔本大学研究科学与社会问题纠缠的历史以及 HPS 方向的工作。战后重建是每个国家的地方和国家项目,在 1940 年代非常流行,直到 1970 年代才具有影响力。澳大拉西亚科学工作者协会 (AASW) 将年龄太大而无法服务或从事保留职业的科学家聚集在一起,他们无法就“接下来会发生什么?”这个问题进行自己的“战争努力”。AASW 于 1944 年在悉尼召开了一次规划会议,以“制定一项必要的科学组织政策,以满足战后澳大利亚的需求”。他们着手考虑“科学方法”在社会福利中的作用。特别是,他们认识到他们现有的国际科学网络和联系可能对战后不同科学和不同国家之间的合作具有价值,从而造福澳大利亚和世界。“环境”的概念是在这些“世界意识”时代出现在国际上的众多概念之一,一种专注于使用科学方法管理自然以造福人类的想法。国家公园是一个重要的讨论点,汇集了业余博物学家和专业环境管理人员,讨论景观规划以及野生动植物保护区的国际比较工作。本次戴森讲座探讨了“综合科学”的出现,即为社会服务的科学,后来包括自然资源管理、大科学、环境科学、地球系统科学和气候科学。它始于“肮脏的三十年代”的悲剧,当时土壤在空气中,以及对养活世界的担忧的科学回应。将各种业余博物学家和专业环境管理人员聚集在一起,讨论景观规划以及野生动植物保护区的国际比较工作。本次戴森讲座探讨了“综合科学”的出现,即为社会服务的科学,后来包括自然资源管理、大科学、环境科学、地球系统科学和气候科学。它始于“肮脏的三十年代”的悲剧,当时土壤在空气中,以及对养活世界的担忧的科学回应。将各种业余博物学家和专业环境管理人员聚集在一起,讨论景观规划以及野生动植物保护区的国际比较工作。本次戴森讲座探讨了“综合科学”的出现,即为社会服务的科学,后来包括自然资源管理、大科学、环境科学、地球系统科学和气候科学。它始于“肮脏的三十年代”的悲剧,当时土壤在空气中,以及对养活世界的担忧的科学回应。本次戴森讲座探讨了“综合科学”的出现,即为社会服务的科学,后来包括自然资源管理、大科学、环境科学、地球系统科学和气候科学。它始于“肮脏的三十年代”的悲剧,当时土壤在空气中,以及对养活世界的担忧的科学回应。本次戴森讲座探讨了“综合科学”的出现,即为社会服务的科学,后来包括自然资源管理、大科学、环境科学、地球系统科学和气候科学。它始于“肮脏的三十年代”的悲剧,当时土壤在空气中,以及对养活世界的担忧的科学回应。