Proteins play a central role in all domains of life, and precise regulation of their activity is essential for understanding the related biological processes and therapeutic functions. Nucleic acid aptamers, the molecular recognition components derived from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment(SELEX), can specifically identify proteins with antibody-like recognition characteristics and help to regulate their activity. This minireview covers the SELEX-based selection of protein-binding aptamers, membrane protein analytical techniques based on aptamer-mediated target recognition, aptamer-mediated functional regulation of proteins, including membrane receptors and non-membrane proteins(thrombin as a model), as well as the potential challenges and prospects regarding aptamer-mediated protein manipulation, aiming to supply some useful information for researchers in this field.

蛋白质在生命的所有领域都发挥着核心作用，对其活性的精确调节对于了解相关的生物过程和治疗功能至关重要。核酸适体是通过指数富集（SELEX）系统进化配体衍生的分子识别成分，可以特异性识别具有抗体识别特征的蛋白质并帮助调节其活性。本综述涵盖了基于 SELEX 的蛋白质结合适体选择、基于适体介导的靶识别的膜蛋白分析技术、适体介导的蛋白质功能调节，包括膜受体和非膜蛋白（作为模型的凝血酶），如以及适体介导的蛋白质操作的潜在挑战和前景，