Electrolyte additives play a pivotal role in improving the cyclability of the sodium-ion batteries (SIB) by modifying the composition of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. Herein, we select three sulfur-based additives with similar molecular structure (1,3-propane sultone (1,3-PS), prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PES) and ethylene sulfate (DTD)), which is contrastively investigated using home-made Na(Ni_0.4Mn_0.4Cu_0.1Ti_0.1)_0.999La_0.001O₂ (NMCT-La)/commercial hard carbon (HC) full-type cells within the voltage range of 1.2–4.4 V. It is shown that adding 2 wt% 1,3-PS or 2 wt% DTD in the base electrolyte (1 M NaPF₆ in EC:DMC with 2 wt% FEC) can achieve an increasingly capacity retention rate from 58.7% to 82.0% and 79.4%, respectively, while PES has a negative effect. Electron microscopy characterizations (FESEM and TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirm that 1,3-PS or DTD can generate a denser and more uniform SEI film on the HC electrode, meanwhile, be oxidized on the positive electrode to protect the NMCT-La material from the attack of the electrolyte during cycling. The formation of sulfates and sulfites (such as ROSO₂Na and RSO₃Na) through the decomposition of 1,3-PS and DTD can stabilize SEI film, resulting in a high-performance SIB with long lifespan.

电解质添加剂通过改变固体电解质界面 (SEI) 薄膜的组成，在提高钠离子电池 (SIB) 的循环性能方面发挥着关键作用。在此，我们选择了三种具有相似分子结构的硫基添加剂（1,3-丙磺酸内酯（1,3-PS）、prop-1-ene-1,3-磺酸内酯（PES）和硫酸乙烯酯（DTD）），使用自制的Na(Ni _0.4 Mn _0.4 Cu _0.1 Ti _0.1 ) _0.999 La _0.001 O ₂ (NMCT-La)/商用硬碳(HC)全型电池在1.2-4.4 V电压范围内进行对比研究。结果表明，在基础电解质（1 M NaPF ₆在 EC:DMC with 2 wt% FEC) 中，容量保持率分别从 58.7% 提高到 82.0% 和 79.4%，而 PES 有负面影响。电子显微镜表征（FESEM 和 TEM）和 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）结果证实，1,3-PS 或 DTD 可以在 HC 电极上生成更致密、更均匀的 SEI 膜，同时在正极上被氧化成保护 NMCT-La 材料在循环过程中免受电解质的侵蚀。通过 1,3-PS 和 DTD 的分解形成硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐（如 ROSO ₂ Na 和 RSO ₃ Na）可以稳定 SEI 膜，从而产生具有长寿命的高性能 SIB。