The application of sodium-based batteries in grid-scale energy storage requires electrode materials that facilitate fast and stable charge storage at various temperatures. However, this goal is not entirely achievable in the case of P2-type layered transition-metal oxides because of the sluggish kinetics and unfavorable electrode|electrolyte interphase formation. To circumvent these issues, we propose a P2-type Na_0.78Ni_0.31Mn_0.67Nb_0.02O₂ (P2-NaMNNb) cathode active material where the niobium doping enables reduction in the electronic band gap and ionic diffusion energy barrier while favoring the Na-ion mobility. Via physicochemical characterizations and theoretical calculations, we demonstrate that the niobium induces atomic scale surface reorganization, hindering metal dissolution from the cathode into the electrolyte. We also report the testing of the cathode material in coin cell configuration using Na metal or hard carbon as anode active materials and ether-based electrolyte solutions. Interestingly, the Na||P2-NaMNNb cell can be cycled up to 9.2 A g⁻¹ (50 C), showing a discharge capacity of approximately 65 mAh g⁻¹ at 25 °C. Furthermore, the Na||P2-NaMNNb cell can also be charged/discharged for 1800 cycles at 368 mA g⁻¹ and −40 °C, demonstrating a capacity retention of approximately 76% and a final discharge capacity of approximately 70 mAh g⁻¹.

钠基电池在电网规模储能中的应用需要电极材料能够在各种温度下快速稳定地存储电荷。然而，在P2型层状过​​渡金属氧化物的情况下，由于动力学缓慢和不利的电极/电解质界面形成，这一目标并不能完全实现。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种P2型Na _0.78 Ni _0.31 Mn _0.67 Nb _0.02 O ₂ (P2-NaMNNb)正极活性材料，其中铌掺杂能够降低电子带隙和离子扩散能垒，同时有利于Na-离子淌度。通过物理化学表征和理论计算，我们证明铌会引起原子级表面重组，阻碍金属从阴极溶解到电解质中。我们还报告了使用钠金属或硬碳作为阳极活性材料和醚基电解质溶液对纽扣电池配置中的阴极材料进行的测试。有趣的是，Na||P2-NaMNNb电池可以循环至9.2 A g ^-1 (50 C)，在25℃下显示出约65 mAh g ^-1的放电容量。此外，Na||P2-NaMNNb电池还可以在368 mA g ^-1和-40 °C下充放电1800次循环，容量保持率约为76%，最终放电容量约为70 mAh g ^{- 1} .