Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils around oil refineries; Case study: Erbil and Kirkuk refineries, Iraq- A modelling approach,Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering

当前位置： X-MOL 学术 › J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. › 论文详情

Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils around oil refineries; Case study: Erbil and Kirkuk refineries, Iraq- A modelling approach
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00809-y
Mohammad Javad Nematollahi ₁ , Meisam Rastegari Mehr _{2,

3} , Ata Shakeri _{2,

3} , Keyvan Amjadian _{4,

5} , Pooria Ebrahimi ₆ , Mohammad Pirouei _{4,

5}

Affiliation

Purpose

Political tensions in Iraq have made attention to environmental issues not a priority for the authorities. Therefore, the influence of Kirkuk and Erbil refineries on contamination of the surrounding soil by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were studied.

Methods

25 soil samples were collected and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their fate and health risk were investigated using Exposure Model for Soil-Organic Fate and Transport (EMSOFT) and the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model.

Results

High ∑PAHs contamination (raged from 212.8 to 12,790.4 ppb), the dominance of pyrogenic sources, and high ecological risk were observed. The mean hazard index values for children (0.043) are higher than those for adults (0.02), while the incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk values for adults (8.50E-4) are greater than those for children (5.27E-4). Pyrene is the significant soil PAH from the depth of 3 cm downwards, while phenanthrene and fluorene are the major constituents of PAHs between the depth of 3 and 10 cm. Also, low molecular weight PAHs significantly decrease in soil layers over the time frame, and maximum PAHs concentrations belong to high molecular weight PAHs over 20 years.

Conclusion

Using an appropriate monitoring system, as well as sound management decisions to reduce the emission of environmental pollution are needed. Also, it seems that the use of constant values for soil physicochemical parameters such as moisture and porosity, despite seasonal variations, may result in uncertainty for fate and transport modelling. Therefore, seasonal sampling and analysis of soil parameters, would be helpful.

中文翻译：

炼油厂周围土壤中的多环芳烃 (PAH)；案例研究：伊拉克埃尔比勒和基尔库克炼油厂——建模方法

目的

伊拉克的政治紧张局势使得对环境问题的关注不是当局的优先事项。因此，研究了基尔库克和埃尔比勒炼油厂对周围土壤的多环芳烃 (PAH) 污染的影响。

方法

使用高效液相色谱法 (HPLC) 收集和分析了 25 个土壤样品，并使用土壤有机物归宿和运输暴露模型 (EMSOFT) 和蒙特卡罗模拟 (MCS) 模型研究了它们的归宿和健康风险。

结果

观察到高 ∑PAHs 污染（从 212.8 到 12,790.4 ppb）、热源占主导地位和高生态风险。儿童的平均危险指数值 (0.043) 高于成人 (0.02)，而成人的增量终生致癌风险值 (8.50E-4) 高于儿童 (5.27E-4)。芘是 3 cm 以下深度土壤中 PAHs 的主要成分，而菲和芴是 3 至 10 cm 深度之间 PAHs 的主要成分。此外，随着时间的推移，低分子量 PAHs 在土壤层中显着减少，并且 20 年内最大 PAHs 浓度属于高分子量 PAHs。