Empirical work on the environmental effects of FDI has produced a mixed bag of results, with hardly any evidence for Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. A theoretical model is presented, postulating that whether FDI has a positive or negative effect on the environment depends on the position of the underlying country or region on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The empirical results indicate that FDI leads to environmental degradation in MENA countries and that they fall on the rising sector of the EKC. The theoretical model is supported by the empirical results.

中文翻译：

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外国直接投资的环境影响

关于外国直接投资对环境影响的实证研究产生了好坏参半的结果，几乎没有中东和北非 (MENA) 国家的任何证据。提出了一个理论模型，假设 FDI 对环境的正面或负面影响取决于基础国家或地区在环境库兹涅茨曲线 (EKC) 上的位置。实证结果表明，外国直接投资导致中东和北非国家的环境退化，并且它们属于 EKC 的新兴部门。理论模型得到实证结果的支持。