Cross-national policy movement in crime control has only recently become the focus of scholarly attention. Research findings suggest, despite appearances to the contrary, that fully fledged policy transfers are rare. In practice, soft transfer (in terms of symbolic dimensions of policy) appears more prevalent than harder manifestations (e.g., the travel of institutions, instruments, and practices). Soft transfers are usually associated with penal policies that have emotive political appeal. Hard transfers are more likely to occur when policies have a strong technical flavor. A number of mechanisms influence policy transfer, ranging from purposive and self-conscious lesson drawing to more imposed forms of policy adoption. A number of factors facilitate or constrain the degree to which policies travel and how they take shape during and after the process, from matters of cultural and political attraction to the activities of policy and moral entrepreneurs. This field of research was once dominated by a focus on the Global North as the site of policy transfer or the source of policy influence, but increasing attention is now paid to circulation and spread of policy models within the Global South and from South to North.

中文翻译：

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当犯罪政策旅行时：犯罪控制中的跨国政策转移

控制犯罪的跨国政策运动直到最近才成为学术界关注的焦点。研究结果表明，尽管看起来相反，完全成熟的政策转移是罕见的。在实践中，软转移（就政策的象征性维度而言）似乎比硬转移（例如，机构、工具和实践的旅行）更为普遍。软转移通常与具有情感政治吸引力的刑事政策相关。当政策具有强烈的技术风味时，更有可能发生硬转移。许多机制影响政策转移，从有目的的和自觉的经验教训到更加强加的政策采纳形式。从文化和政治吸引力到政策和道德企业家的活动，许多因素促进或限制了政策的传播程度以及它们在此过程中和之后如何形成。这一研究领域曾经主要关注全球北方作为政策转移的场所或政策影响的来源，但现在越来越关注全球南方内部以及从南到北的政策模型的流通和传播。