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Of Jinn Theories and Germ Theories
Osiris ( IF 0.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 , DOI: 10.1086/713657
Hannah-Louise Clark

Focusing on colonial Algeria ca. 1890 to 1940, this article explores what Muslim intellectuals and ordinary people learned about microbes and how they responded to bacteriological medicine. Many Algerians feared invisible spirits (jinn) and sought the healing powers of saints and exorcists. Was it then permitted for Muslims to use French treatments and follow Pasteurian rules of hygiene? Specialists in Islamic law, other intellectuals, and unlettered villagers showed a persistent concern with these and other questions in the wake of colonial conquest and violence in Algeria, as novel techniques, therapeutics, and forms of epistemic authority were introduced, and new visions of religious orthodoxy and national revival were formulated. Examining writings across a range of genres and formats—including a treatise of independent juristic reasoning (ijtihad), questions and answers prepared by a mufti, popular petitions, newspaper articles, advertisements, poetry, and a cartoon—this article argues that Islamic tradition and law were integral to the emerging science and culture of microbes in early twentieth-century Algeria. While Islamic reformists sought to displace jinn theories of illness, other Algerian intellectuals and colonial officials found it convenient to explain germs in terms of jinn. Both French and Muslim elite men sought to combine religious law with hygienic advice to advance competing hegemonic projects targeted at the Muslim family, thereby attempting to displace women’s jinn-based practices.

中文翻译:

Jinn理论和细菌理论

专注于殖民地阿尔及利亚 ca。从 1890 年到 1940 年,本文探讨了穆斯林知识分子和普通民众对微生物的了解以及他们对细菌医学的反应。许多阿尔及利亚人害怕看不见的灵魂(精灵),并寻求圣人和驱魔人的治愈能力。那么是否允许穆斯林使用法国疗法并遵循巴氏卫生规则?随着阿尔及利亚的殖民征服和暴力事件的出现,随着新技术、治疗学和认知权威形式的引入,以及对宗教的新视野的引入,伊斯兰法律专家、其他知识分子和不识字的村民对这些问题和其他问题表现出持续的关注。制定了正统和民族复兴。本文考察了一系列体裁和格式的著作——包括独立法律推理论文 (ijtihad)、穆夫提准备的问题和答案、大众请愿书、报纸文章、广告、诗歌和卡通片——这篇文章认为,伊斯兰传统和法律是 20 世纪初阿尔及利亚新兴的微生物科学和文化不可或缺的一部分。当伊斯兰改革派试图取代关于疾病的精灵理论时,其他阿尔及利亚知识分子和殖民官员发现用精灵来解释细菌很方便。法国和穆斯林精英男性都试图将宗教法与卫生建议结合起来,以推进针对穆斯林家庭的竞争霸权项目,从而试图取代女性以精灵为基础的做法。报纸文章、广告、诗歌和漫画——本文认为,伊斯兰传统和法律是 20 世纪初阿尔及利亚新兴的微生物科学和文化不可或缺的一部分。当伊斯兰改革派试图取代关于疾病的精灵理论时,其他阿尔及利亚知识分子和殖民官员发现用精灵来解释细菌很方便。法国和穆斯林精英男性都试图将宗教法与卫生建议结合起来,以推进针对穆斯林家庭的竞争霸权项目,从而试图取代女性以精灵为基础的做法。报纸文章、广告、诗歌和漫画——本文认为,伊斯兰传统和法律是 20 世纪初阿尔及利亚新兴的微生物科学和文化不可或缺的一部分。当伊斯兰改革派试图取代关于疾病的精灵理论时,其他阿尔及利亚知识分子和殖民官员发现用精灵来解释细菌很方便。法国和穆斯林精英男性都试图将宗教法与卫生建议结合起来,以推进针对穆斯林家庭的竞争霸权项目,从而试图取代女性以精灵为基础的做法。当伊斯兰改革派试图取代关于疾病的精灵理论时,其他阿尔及利亚知识分子和殖民官员发现用精灵来解释细菌很方便。法国和穆斯林精英男性都试图将宗教法与卫生建议结合起来,以推进针对穆斯林家庭的竞争霸权项目,从而试图取代女性以精灵为基础的做法。当伊斯兰改革派试图取代关于疾病的精灵理论时,其他阿尔及利亚知识分子和殖民官员发现用精灵来解释细菌很方便。法国和穆斯林精英男性都试图将宗教法与卫生建议结合起来,以推进针对穆斯林家庭的竞争霸权项目,从而试图取代女性以精灵为基础的做法。
更新日期:2021-06-01
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