Among the approximately 40 species of mammals described in Historia naturalis Brasiliae by Willem Piso and Georg Marcgrave, the identity of the monkey “cagui major” has been one of the most controversial. Authors have identified Marcgrave's “cagui major” as a tamarin, a saki monkey, a squirrel monkey, a titi monkey and even as an Old-World monkey. Based on a watercolour, probably related to the original illustration that served as basis for the “cagui major” woodcut, we confirm that it depicts a titi monkey ( Callicebus). By comparing the pelage characteristics shown in the drawing and some measurements and pelage characteristics described in Historia naturalis Brasiliae, we confirm that the species depicted was Callicebus melanochir that occurs today in southern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais states, outside the range of the Dutch possessions in Brazil.

中文翻译：

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马克格雷夫的红尾猴：欧洲最早的提提猴描绘

在威廉·皮索（Willem Piso）和乔治·马克格雷夫（Georg Marcgrave）在《巴西利亚自然史》中描述的大约 40 种哺乳动物中，猴子“cagui major”的身份一直是最具争议的物种之一。作者已将 Marcgrave 的“cagui major”确定为狨猴、saki 猴、松鼠猴、titi 猴，甚至是旧世界猴。基于一幅水彩画，可能与作为“cagui major”木刻基础的原始插图有关，我们确认它描绘了一只titi猴子（Callicebus）。通过比较图中显示的毛皮特征和 Historia naturalis Brasiliae 中描述的一些测量值和毛皮特征，我们确认所描绘的物种是今天出现在巴伊亚州南部和米纳斯吉拉斯州东北部的 Callicebus melanochir，