Abstract In this study, three-dimensional (3D) printing of 3D scaffolds containing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and strontium ranelate (SrR) as a carrier for the promotion of bone regeneration is investigated. SrR acts as an anabolic bone-forming and anti-catabolic agent, while HNTs act as a carrier of SrR. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used as a biodegradable matrix and carrier for HNTs and SrR. The effects of the SrR addition on the morphological, biological, and in vitro release properties of the scaffolds are evaluated. The morphological results show a homogeneous structure with a proper pore size (approximately 400 µm) suitable for osteogenesis. The contact angle is decreased after the addition of SrR to the scaffold to 67.99°, suitable for cell attachment. X-ray diffraction shows that the SrR is homogenously and molecularly distributed in the PLA matrix and reduces the crystallinity in the prepared scaffolds. The in vitro release results demonstrate that the release profile of the SrR is stable, relatively linear, and continuous within 21 days (504 h). A cumulative release of SrR of approximately 49% is obtained after a controlled release for 504 h (21 days) and a low primary burst release (12%). Human adipose stem cells cultured on the 3D-printed scaffolds demonstrate that the SrR can efficiently promote biocompatibility, alkaline phosphatase activity, and alizarin red staining.

中文翻译：

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含有雷尼酸锶的三维印刷聚乳酸-埃洛石纳米管支架的成骨能力

摘要 在这项研究中，研究了含有埃洛石纳米管 (HNT) 和雷尼酸锶 (SrR) 作为促进骨再生载体的 3D 支架的三维 (3D) 打印。SrR 充当合成代谢骨形成和抗分解代谢剂，而 HNT 充当 SrR 的载体。聚乳酸 (PLA) 用作 HNT 和 SrR 的可生物降解基质和载体。评估了添加 SrR 对支架的形态、生物学和体外释放特性的影响。形态学结果显示具有适合成骨的适当孔径（约 400 µm）的均匀结构。SrR加入支架后接触角降低至67.99°，适合细胞附着。X 射线衍射表明 SrR 在 PLA 基质中均匀且分子分布，并降低了制备支架的结晶度。体外释放结果表明，SrR 的释放曲线在 21 天（504 小时）内是稳定的、相对线性的和连续的。在受控释放 504 小时（21 天）和低一次突发释放 (12%) 后，SrR 的累积释放量约为 49%。在 3D 打印支架上培养的人类脂肪干细胞表明，SrR 可以有效地促进生物相容性、碱性磷酸酶活性和茜素红染色。在受控释放 504 小时（21 天）和低一次突发释放 (12%) 后，SrR 的累积释放量约为 49%。在 3D 打印支架上培养的人类脂肪干细胞表明，SrR 可以有效地促进生物相容性、碱性磷酸酶活性和茜素红染色。在受控释放 504 小时（21 天）和低一次突发释放 (12%) 后，SrR 的累积释放量约为 49%。在 3D 打印支架上培养的人类脂肪干细胞表明，SrR 可以有效地促进生物相容性、碱性磷酸酶活性和茜素红染色。