Abstract Nanomaterials with unique nanotube arrays have attracted extensive attention in the field of blood-contacting biomaterials. In this study, the regular titanium dioxide nanotube arrays were first prepared on the pure titanium surface by anodic oxidation. Subsequently, copper ions (Cu2+) and strontium ions (Sr2+) were incorporated into the nanotubes by the chelation of dopamine to improve biocompatibility. The as-prepared TiO2 nanotubes had an inner diameter of about 60 nm and an outer diameter of 90–110 nm, as well as a tube length of 4–6 µm. The following annealing treatment and the incorporation of Cu2+ and Sr2+ had little effect on the morphology and dimensions of the nanotubes, but can significantly improve the hydrophilicity, and promote the adsorption of bovine serum albumin concurrently inhibit the adsorption of fibrinogen, showing the effect of selective protein adsorption. At the same time, loading Cu2+ and Sr2+ can also effectively inhibit platelet adhesion and activation, promote endothelial cell growth, and upregulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide. Therefore, the results of this study showed that the incorporation of Cu2+ and Sr2+ into the TiO2 nanotubes can simultaneously improve the hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of endothelial cells, which can enlarge the application of titanium-based biomaterials in cardiovascular devices such as a stent.

中文翻译：

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通过多巴胺在 TiO2 纳米管中掺入铜和锶离子以增强血液相容性和细胞相容性

摘要 具有独特纳米管阵列的纳米材料在血液接触生物材料领域引起了广泛关注。在这项研究中，首先通过阳极氧化在纯钛表面制备了规则的二氧化钛纳米管阵列。随后，通过螯合多巴胺将铜离子（Cu2+）和锶离子（Sr2+）掺入纳米管中以提高生物相容性。所制备的 TiO2 纳米管内径约为 60 nm，外径为 90-110 nm，管长为 4-6 µm。随后的退火处理以及Cu2+和Sr2+的掺入对纳米管的形貌和尺寸影响不大，但可以显着提高亲水性，并促进牛血清白蛋白的吸附同时抑制纤维蛋白原的吸附，表现出选择性蛋白吸附作用。同时，负载Cu2+和Sr2+还可以有效抑制血小板粘附和活化，促进内皮细胞生长，上调血管内皮生长因子和一氧化氮的表达。因此，本研究结果表明，将Cu2+和Sr2+掺入到TiO2纳米管中可以同时提高内皮细胞的血液相容性和细胞相容性，可以扩大钛基生物材料在支架等心血管器械中的应用。促进内皮细胞生长，上调血管内皮生长因子和一氧化氮的表达。因此，本研究结果表明，将Cu2+和Sr2+掺入到TiO2纳米管中可以同时提高内皮细胞的血液相容性和细胞相容性，可以扩大钛基生物材料在支架等心血管器械中的应用。促进内皮细胞生长，上调血管内皮生长因子和一氧化氮的表达。因此，本研究结果表明，将Cu2+和Sr2+掺入到TiO2纳米管中可以同时提高内皮细胞的血液相容性和细胞相容性，可以扩大钛基生物材料在支架等心血管器械中的应用。