Formative experiences shape behavior for decades. We document a striking feature about those who came of driving age during the oil crises of the 1970s—they drive less in the year 2000. The effect is not specific to these cohorts; price variation over time and across states indicates that gasoline price changes between ages 15–18 generally shift later-life travel behavior. Effects are not explained by recessions, income, or costly skill acquisition and are inconsistent with recency bias, mental plasticity, and standard habit-formation models. Instead, they likely reflect formation of preferences for driving or persistent changes in its perceived cost. (JEL D12, D91, L71, Q35, R41)

中文翻译：

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形成性经验与汽油价格

几十年来，形成性经历塑造了行为。我们记录了那些在 1970 年代石油危机期间达到驾驶年龄的人的一个显着特征——他们在 2000 年的驾驶量减少了。这种影响并非只针对这些人群。随着时间的推移和跨州的价格变化表明，15-18 岁之间的汽油价格变化通常会改变晚年的旅行行为。影响不能用经济衰退、收入或昂贵的技能获取来解释，并且与近期偏差、心理可塑性和标准习惯形成模型不一致。相反，它们可能反映了推动或持续改变其感知成本的偏好的形成。(JEL D12、D91、L71、Q35、R41)