We design three field experiments to estimate how workers' social preferences toward their employer motivates their work effort. We vary the pay rates offered to workers, the return to the employer, and employer generosity demonstrated via unexpected gifts. Workers exert effort even without private incentives, but their effort is insensitive to the return to the employer. This is consistent with “warm glow” but not pure altruism. The gifts have no effect on productivity, but engender extra work. This difference is explained partly by the finding that extra work is much more responsive to incentives than is productivity. (JEL C93, J24, J28, J33, M52)

中文翻译：

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估计工作中的社会偏好和礼物交换

我们设计了三个现场实验来估计工人对雇主的社会偏好如何激发他们的工作努力。我们通过意想不到的礼物改变提供给工人的工资、对雇主的回报以及雇主的慷慨。即使没有私人激励，工人也会付出努力，但他们的努力对雇主的回报不敏感。这符合“温暖的光芒”，但不是纯粹的利他主义。礼物对生产力没有影响，但会产生额外的工作。这种差异的部分原因是额外工作对激励的反应比对生产力的反应要大得多。（JEL C93、J24、J28、J33、M52）