Mycotoxin contamination of animal feed leads to deleterious effects on the health and performance of animals. Sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) can detoxify the common mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in vivo; however, it degrades in aqueous and acidic conditions like the stomach, leading to further discomfort. Nanofibers are an effective encapsulation method to deliver drugs to various points along the gastrointestinal tract. This study aims to encapsulate SMBS into nanofibrous mats to allow for the targeted delivery of intact SMBS to the small intestine of pigs and evaluate the efficacy of DON detoxification in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) using IPEC-J2 cells in vitro. Coaxial electrospinning of a solution of a pH-sensitive polymer (Eudragit L100-55) produced nanofibrous mats with a peak loading capacity of SMBS reaching 35.8% and loading efficiency reaching 89.4%. In vitro release studies showed 47.5–49.7% of the encapsulated SMBS was released in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF) within 2 h, while the remaining 44.0–50.2% of loaded SMBS was released within 2 h of exposure to SIF. Additionally, DON detoxification via SMBS-containing nanofibers was confirmed in vitro using IPEC-J2 cells, as seen through decreased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and improved maintenance of cell integrity in cells exposed to DON treated with SMBS-containing nanofibers as opposed to DON alone. For the first time, we demonstrate the successful encapsulation of particulate SMBS within a nano-vehicle (electrospun nanofibers), limited release of SMBS from the nano-vehicle in SGF, and around 50% release in SIF, and effective detoxification of DON by the SMBS-containing nano-vehicle in an IPEC-J2 cell assay. Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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通过先进的同轴静电纺丝制造的 pH 敏感 Eudragit L100-55 纳米纤维垫靶向输送焦亚硫酸钠 (SMBS)

动物饲料的霉菌毒素污染会对动物的健康和生产性能造成有害影响。焦亚硫酸钠（SMBS）可对体内常见的霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇进行解毒；然而，它会在胃等水性和酸性条件下降解，导致进一步的不适。纳米纤维是一种有效的封装方法，可以将药物输送到胃肠道的各个点。本研究旨在将 SMBS 封装到纳米纤维垫中，以便将完整的 SMBS 靶向递送到猪的小肠，并在体外使用 IPEC-J2 细胞评估模拟肠液 (SIF) 中 DON 解毒的功效。pH 敏感聚合物 (Eudragit L100-55) 溶液的同轴静电纺丝产生的纳米纤维垫的 SMBS 峰值负载能力达到 35。8%，加载效率达到89.4%。体外释放研究表明，47.5-49.7% 的封装 SMBS 在 2 小时内释放到模拟胃液 (SGF) 中，而其余 44.0-50.2% 的负载 SMBS 在暴露于 SIF 后 2 小时内释放。此外，使用 IPEC-J2 细胞在体外证实了通过含有 SMBS 的纳米纤维进行的 DON 解毒，这可以通过降低炎症细胞因子的基因表达和改善暴露于用含有 SMBS 的纳米纤维处理的 DON 的细胞中的细胞完整性来观察，而不是单独使用 DON . 我们首次展示了将颗粒状 SMBS 成功封装在纳米载体（电纺纳米纤维）中，在 SGF 中从纳米载体中有限释放 SMBS，在 SIF 中释放约 50%，在 IPEC-J2 细胞试验中，含 SMBS 的纳米载体对 DON 的有效解毒。图形概要