Understanding of Sodium Storage Mechanism in Hard Carbons: Ongoing Development under Debate,Advanced Energy Materials

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Understanding of Sodium Storage Mechanism in Hard Carbons: Ongoing Development under Debate
Advanced Energy Materials ( IF 24.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-07 , DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202200715
Ning Sun ₁ , Jieshan Qiu ₂ , Bin Xu ₁

Affiliation

Hard carbons are promising anode candidates for sodium-ion batteries due to their excellent Na-storage performance, abundant resources, and low cost. Despite the recent advances in hard carbons, the interpretation of the Na-storage mechanism in hard carbons remains unclear, with discrepancies over a general model describing the corresponding structure–property relationship. For the rational structural design of high-performance hard carbon anodes, a thorough understanding of the charge storage mechanism and the relationship between microstructure and Na-storage performance is critical. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the known models to describe the Na-storage mechanism in hard carbons with a discussion focused on Na-storage active sites such as interlayer space, pores, heteroatoms, and defects. The present models, including the “insertion-filling”, “adsorption-filling”, “adsorption-insertion”, and “multistage mechanism” and the associated analytical characterization, are elaborately discussed with a view to the present challenges and the prospects for unveiling Na-storage mechanism in hard carbons. The review serves to clarify the Na-storage mechanism in hard carbons with guidance toward the design of high-performance anodes for sodium-ion batteries.

中文翻译：

了解硬碳中的钠储存机制：争论中的持续发展

硬碳因其优异的储钠性能、丰富的资源和低成本而成为钠离子电池的有前途的负极候选材料。尽管最近在硬碳方面取得了进展，但对硬碳中钠储存机制的解释仍不清楚，与描述相应结构-性质关系的一般模型存在差异。对于高性能硬碳负极的合理结构设计，深入了解电荷存储机制以及微观结构与钠存储性能之间的关系至关重要。本综述全面概述了描述硬碳中储钠机制的已知模型，并重点讨论了储钠活性位点，例如层间空间、孔隙、杂原子和缺陷。目前的车型，详细讨论了“插入-填充”、“吸附-填充”、“吸附-插入”和“多阶段机制”以及相关的分析表征，着眼于揭示储钠机制的当前挑战和前景在硬碳中。该综述旨在阐明硬碳中的储钠机制，并为钠离子电池高性能负极的设计提供指导。

更新日期：2022-06-07

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