基于木材生物炭单体的方法提高超级电容器的体积能量密度,Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

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基于木材生物炭单体的方法提高超级电容器的体积能量密度
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00447
Lin Yang _{1,

2} , Chethan Takkallapally ₂ , Randeep S. Gabhi ₂ , Wenju Jiang ₁ , Donald W. Kirk ₂ , Charles Q. Jia ₂

Affiliation

商业超级电容器中的电极材料具有高电阻率，这是活性炭粉末-有机粘合剂混合物所固有的。因此，电极材料作为薄膜涂覆在集流体上以降低器件电阻。然而，薄膜结构限制了活性电极材料（活性炭）的体积分数，并保持较低的体积能量密度。木质生物炭单块 (WBM) 具有低曲折的多孔结构和导电碳基体，这是具有高能量密度的无粘合剂电极的理想组合。本文报道了一种制造高性能、基于 WBM 的厚电极的新方法。该方法结合了木材制浆、机械压缩和热碳化，³）和孔隙利用效率（28 μF/cm ²）同时进行。此外，由 IWBM 制成的厚 (1.2 mm) 电极表现出创纪录的面积电容 (7.58–9.36 F/cm ² ) 和高体积电容 (78.0 F/cm ³ ) 归因于致密、易于接近的孔隙网络和IWBM 中的导电碳基体。此外，白松 WBM 很容易用赝电容材料（例如，RuO ₂）。具有两个对称松木 WBM 电极的超级电容器电池在 10,000 次循环后没有表现出性能衰减。这项研究提供了一种提高体积能量密度的实用方法，展示了 WBM 作为先进纳米多孔碳材料（如石墨烯和碳纳米管）的低成本、高性能替代品的潜力。

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Wood Biochar Monolith-Based Approach to Increasing the Volumetric Energy Density of Supercapacitor

The electrode material in commercial supercapacitors has high electrical resistivity, intrinsic to the activated carbon powder–organic binder mixture. Consequently, electrode materials are coated on current collectors as thin films to reduce the device resistance. However, the thin-film configuration limits the volume fraction of an active electrode material (activated carbon) and holds the volumetric energy density low. Wood biochar monoliths (WBMs) have a low-tortuosity porous structure and a conductive carbon matrix, a combination desirable for binder-free electrodes with high energy density. This article reports a novel approach for fabricating high-performance, WBM-based thick electrodes. The approach combines wood pulping, mechanical compression, and thermal carbonization, transforming a common softwood-white pine into an intensified wood biochar monolith (IWBM) with high bulk density (0.617 g/cm³) and pore utilization efficiency (28 μF/cm²) at the same time. Furthermore, the thick (1.2 mm) electrode made with the IWBM exhibited record-high areal capacitances (7.58–9.36 F/cm²) and a high volumetric capacitance (78.0 F/cm³) attributed to the densified, easily accessible pore network and the conductive carbon matrix in the IWBM. Moreover, the white pine WBM is readily augmented with pseudocapacitive materials (e.g., RuO₂). A supercapacitor cell with two symmetric pine WBM electrodes displayed no performance attenuation after 10,000 cycles. This study provides a practical approach to increasing the volumetric energy density, demonstrating the potential of WBMs as a low-cost, high-performance alternative to advanced nanoporous carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes.

更新日期：2022-06-07

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