Unmodified and modified Haloxylon recurvum plant stems (HRS) were studied as new sorbents for the removal of Acid Blue 25 dye (AB25) from synthesized dye solutions. Characterization of the pristine and dye-loaded adsorbents by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), and nitrogen adsorption techniques indicated that the chemical and physical properties of the surfaces of the HRS samples were strongly influenced by the modifying agents. Moreover, the modified biomass showed great potential for binding AB25 at relatively low pH (a pH of 2), with sorption parameters that could be optimized by using batch adsorption techniques. The AB25 sorption behaviour varied with the modification technique; untreated HRS and HRS modified with phosphoric acid (MHRS-H₃PO₄) exhibited pseudo-first-order sorption kinetics, whereas when HRS was modified with either urea or nitric acid (MHRS-U and MHRS-HNO₃ respectively), then pseudo-second-order sorption kinetics was observed. Intra-particle and liquid film diffusion models were used to describe the mechanisms of dye sorption and to identify the rate-determining steps in each case. The adsorption and desorption rates were determined using the Elovich model. The AB25 equilibrium sorption data most convincingly fitted to the Langmuir sorption isotherm for HRS and MHRS-H₃PO₄ biomass samples. By contrast, the Freundlich sorption isotherm provided a better fit to the equilibrium sorption process of AB25 on MHRS-U and MHRS-HNO₃. The binding energies could be calculated by applying the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model. The maximum adsorption capacities of the materials were found to be 16.22 mg g⁻¹ (HRS), 22.94 mg g⁻¹ (MHRS-U), 21.10 mg g⁻¹ (MHRS-HNO₃), and 24.04 mg g⁻¹ (MHRS-H₃PO₄) at the optimized conditions. The results of the studies herein suggest that HRS-H₃PO₄ is the most effective environmentally-friendly material for AB25 sorption under the experimental conditions applied.

未改性和改性梭梭研究了植物茎 (HRS) 作为从合成染料溶液中去除酸性蓝 25 染料 (AB25) 的新吸附剂。通过傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱、配备能量色散 X 射线光谱 (SEM-EDX) 的扫描电子显微镜和氮吸附技术对原始吸附剂和负载染料的吸附剂进行表征，表明其化学和物理性质HRS 样品的表面受到改性剂的强烈影响。此外，改性生物质在相对较低的 pH 值（pH 值为 2）下显示出结合 AB25 的巨大潜力，其吸附参数可以通过使用分批吸附技术进行优化。AB25 的吸附行为随着改性技术的不同而不同；未经处理的 HRS 和经磷酸修饰的 HRS (MHRS-H ₃ PO₄）表现出准一级吸附动力学，而当用尿素或硝酸（分别为MHRS-U和MHRS-HNO ₃）修饰HRS时，观察到准二级吸附动力学。颗粒内和液膜扩散模型用于描述染料吸附的机制并确定每种情况下的速率确定步骤。使用 Elovich 模型确定吸附和解吸速率。_{AB25 平衡吸附数据最令人信服地拟合 HRS 和 MHRS-H 3} PO ₄生物质样品的 Langmuir 吸附等温线。相比之下，Freundlich 吸附等温线更适合 AB25 在 MHRS-U 和 MHRS-HNO _{3上的平衡吸附过程}. 结合能可以通过应用 Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) 模型来计算。发现材料的最大吸附容量为16.22 mg g ^-1 (HRS)、22.94 mg g ^-1 (MHRS-U)、21.10 mg g ^-1 (MHRS-HNO ₃ )和24.04 mg g ^-1 ( MHRS-H ₃ PO ₄ ) 在优化条件下。本文的研究结果表明，在所应用的实验条件下，HRS-H ₃ PO ₄是吸附 AB25 最有效的环保材料。