Volcanoes play a key role in the cycling of volatile metals (e.g., chalcophile elements such as Tl, Pb, and Cu and metalloids such as As, Te, and Se) on our planet. Volatile metals and metalloids are outgassed by active volcanoes, forming particulate volcanic plumes that deliver them in reactive form to the environment, where they may be nutrients (e.g., Cu and Zn) or pollutants (e.g., Hg, As, Pb). Volcanic outgassing rates of these elements compare to those associated with building ore deposits in the crust and to anthropogenic emission rates. There are distinct compositional differences between volcanic plumes in different tectonic settings, related to the enrichment of arc magmas in metals transported in slab fluids, metal speciation, and partitioning between silicate melt, vapor, and magmatic sulfide. Volcanic gases have compositions similar to those of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions found in mineralized granites, albeit with a lower density and salinity. Volatile volcanic metals are transported as soluble aerosols in volcanic plumes and may persist for hundreds of kilometers in the troposphere. Volcanic metal chloride aerosols in tropospheric volcanic plumes at high latitudes are recorded in ice cores. ▪ Volcanoes emit significant fluxes of volatile trace metals such as Cu, Tl, and Pb, as gases and particulates, to the surface environment. ▪ There is a distinct metal compositional fingerprint in volcanic and hydrothermal plumes at subduction and hotspot volcanoes and mid-ocean ridges, controlled by magma and fluid chemistry. ▪ Volcanic gases are the less saline equivalent of the fluids forming economic porphyry deposits of chalcophile metals (e.g., Cu) in the crust. ▪ The metals in tropospheric volcanic plumes may be rained out near the vent, but in dry environments they may persist for thousands of kilometers and be deposited in ice cores.

中文翻译：

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挥发性痕量金属的火山脱气


火山在地球上挥发性金属（例如，Tl、Pb 和 Cu 等亲铜元素以及 As、Te 和 Se 等准金属）的循环中起着关键作用。挥发性金属和准金属被活火山脱气，形成微粒火山羽流，以反应形式将它们输送到环境中，在那里它们可能是营养物质（例如铜和锌）或污染物（例如汞、砷、铅）。这些元素的火山脱气速率与在地壳中建造矿床和人为排放速率相关的脱气速率进行比较。不同构造环境中的火山羽流之间存在明显的成分差异，这与板状流体中运输的金属中弧岩浆的富集、金属形态以及硅酸盐熔体、蒸汽和岩浆硫化物之间的分配有关。火山气体的成分与矿化花岗岩中发现的石英流体包裹体的成分相似，但密度和盐度较低。挥发性火山金属以可溶性气溶胶的形式在火山羽流中传输，并可能在对流层中持续数百公里。高纬度地区对流层火山羽流中的火山金属氯化物气溶胶记录在冰芯中。▪ 火山以气体和颗粒的形式向地表环境排放大量挥发性痕量金属，如 Cu、Tl 和 Pb。▪ 在俯冲火山和热点火山以及洋中脊的火山和热液羽流中，在岩浆和流体化学的控制下，存在明显的金属成分指纹。▪ 火山气体是盐度较低的等价物，相当于在地壳中形成亲铜金属（例如铜）的经济斑岩沉积物的流体。 ▪ 对流层火山羽流中的金属可能会在喷口附近下雨，但在干燥的环境中，它们可能会持续数千公里并沉积在冰芯中。