Chemokines, a subgroup of cytokines along with their receptors, are involved in various biologic processes and regulation of a wide range of immune responses in different physiologic and pathologic states such as tissue repair, infection, and inflammation. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has one identified natural ligand termed stromal-derived factor-1(SDF-1 or CXCL12). Evidence demonstrated that the ligation of SDF-1 to CXCR4 initiates several intracellular signaling pathways, regulating cell proliferation, survival, chemotaxis, migration, angiogenesis, adhesion, as well as bone marrow (BM)-resident cells homing and mobilization. Additionally, CXCR4 is expressed by tumor cells in blood malignancies and solid tumors. Therefore, CXCR4 is considered a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy, and CXCR4 antagonists, including AMD3100, MSX-122, BPRCX807, WZ811, Motixafortide, TN14003, AMD3465, and AMD1170, have been employed in experimental and clinical studies to enhance cancer therapy. MSX-122 is a specific small-molecule antagonist of CXCR4/CXCL12 and the only orally available non-peptide CXCR4 antagonist with promising anti-cancer properties. Studies have shown that MSX-122 is particularly important in treating metastatic cancers and has great therapeutic potential. Accordingly, this review summarized the characteristics of MSX-122 and its effects on the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as well as cancer therapy.

中文翻译：

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MSX-122：在癌症治疗中是一种有效的小分子 CXCR4 拮抗剂吗？

趋化因子是细胞因子及其受体的一个亚组，参与各种生物过程和调节不同生理和病理状态下的广泛免疫反应，例如组织修复、感染和炎症。CXC 基序趋化因子受体 4 (CXCR4) 是一种 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR)，具有一种已鉴定的天然配体，称为基质衍生因子 1（SDF-1 或 CXCL12）。证据表明，SDF-1 与 CXCR4 的连接启动了几个细胞内信号通路，调节细胞增殖、存活、趋化性、迁移、血管生成、粘附以及骨髓 (BM) 驻留细胞归巢和动员。此外，CXCR4 由血液恶性肿瘤和实体瘤中的肿瘤细胞表达。因此，CXCR4被认为是癌症治疗中的潜在治疗靶点，和 CXCR4 拮抗剂，包括 AMD3100、MSX-122、BPRCX807、WZ811、Motixafortide、TN14003、AMD3465 和 AMD1170，已用于增强癌症治疗的实验和临床研究。MSX-122 是 CXCR4/CXCL12 的特异性小分子拮抗剂，也是唯一一种具有良好抗癌特性的口服非肽类 CXCR4 拮抗剂。研究表明，MSX-122在治疗转移性癌症方面尤为重要，具有巨大的治疗潜力。因此，本综述总结了 MSX-122 的特征及其对 CXCL12/CXCR4 轴以及癌症治疗的影响。MSX-122 是 CXCR4/CXCL12 的特异性小分子拮抗剂，也是唯一一种具有良好抗癌特性的口服非肽类 CXCR4 拮抗剂。研究表明，MSX-122在治疗转移性癌症方面尤为重要，具有巨大的治疗潜力。因此，本综述总结了 MSX-122 的特征及其对 CXCL12/CXCR4 轴以及癌症治疗的影响。MSX-122 是 CXCR4/CXCL12 的特异性小分子拮抗剂，也是唯一一种具有良好抗癌特性的口服非肽类 CXCR4 拮抗剂。研究表明，MSX-122在治疗转移性癌症方面尤为重要，具有巨大的治疗潜力。因此，本综述总结了 MSX-122 的特征及其对 CXCL12/CXCR4 轴以及癌症治疗的影响。