The performance of household chores by children in Japanese residential care institutions has been widely accepted as a practice that fosters children’s independence and self-sufficiency. However, children coming from neglectful or dysfunctional families often require sensitive, individualized care, which they did not receive from their family of origin. While a shift away from large-scale institutions has begun, with smaller units or group homes now accounting for 40% of all care institutions, it is not clear that family-like, individualized care has been achieved in these smaller group homes. This study involved 61 participants aged 10 to 15 years and their care workers from six residential care institutions in the greater Tokyo area. It explored what aspects of care quality were related to the presence of certain characteristics of traditional management-oriented care: fixed rules for household chores and lack of choice in daily living. Care workers were asked whether children washed their own dishes, did their own laundry, chose their own clothes when shopping, and had mandatory events to attend in the residential care institutions. Care quality was assessed using the Early Adolescent HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of Environment) developed for Japanese residential care institutions (EA-HOME-JP). The findings suggest that care workers should re-examine their intentions in setting and applying household chore rules while exploring which aspects of child care, including regulatory activities and modeling, should be emphasized in order to actualize family-like and individualized care in institutions.

中文翻译：

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评估日本住宅护理机构的护理质量和家务规则之间的关联

日本寄宿机构中的儿童做家务已被广泛认为是一种培养儿童独立性和自给自足的做法。然而，来自被忽视或功能失调的家庭的孩子往往需要敏感的、个性化的照顾，而他们并没有从他们的原籍家庭那里得到这些照顾。虽然从大型机构的转变已经开始，较小的单位或团体之家现在占所有护理机构的 40%，但尚不清楚这些较小的团体之家是否已经实现了类似家庭的个性化护理。这项研究涉及来自大东京地区六家住宿护理机构的 61 名 10 至 15 岁的参与者及其护理人员。它探讨了护理质量的哪些方面与传统管理型护理的某些特征相关：家务劳动的固定规则和日常生活中缺乏选择。护理人员被问及孩子们是否自己洗碗、自己洗衣服、购物时自己选择衣服，以及是否有必须参加寄宿机构的活动。使用为日本住宿护理机构 (EA-HOME-JP) 开发的 Early Adolescent HOME（用于测量环境的家庭观察）评估护理质量。研究结果表明，护理人员应该重新审视他们制定和应用家务规则的意图，同时探索儿童护理的哪些方面，包括监管活动和建模，