Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) is an emerging technology for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Compared with acoustic waves and radio frequency waves, optical waves can provide higher data rates and lower latency. However, given the limited transmission range and energy supply, as well as the existence of communication void regions in UOWC which may further deteriorate its transmission performances (e.g. packet deliver rate), effective multi-hop routing schemes are highly desirable for UOWC to expand its transmission range with satisfactory performance. In this paper, we propose a dual-hop topology-aware (DHTA) routing algorithm for UOWC. By adopting dual-hop routing strategy, the proposed algorithm reduces the packet entry possibility into void regions, and thus improves the packet deliver rate. And by selecting the next relay node considering both the available distance of transmission and the deviation of transmission direction, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the average energy consumption of the network. Besides, a threshold is employed by the proposed algorithm for energy balance to prevent excessive energy consumption of some nodes. The simulation results verify that the proposed DHTA routing algorithm effectively alleviates the effluence of void regions on forwarding packet and increases the packet delivery rate (PDR), with reduced average energy consumption and energy standard deviation.

水下光无线通信（UOWC）是一种新兴的水下无线传感器网络（UWSN）技术。与声波和射频波相比，光波可以提供更高的数据速率和更低的延迟。然而，鉴于有限的传输范围和能量供应，以及 UOWC 中存在可能进一步降低其传输性能（例如数据包传递率）的通信空白区域，有效的多跳路由方案对于 UOWC 扩展其通信是非常可取的。传输范围令人满意的性能。在本文中，我们提出了一种用于 UOWC 的双跳拓扑感知 (DHTA) 路由算法。该算法采用双跳路由策略，降低了数据包进入空白区域的可能性，从而提高了数据包的传递率。并且通过考虑可用传输距离和传输方向偏差来选择下一个中继节点，该算法可以有效降低网络的平均能耗。此外，所提出的算法采用阈值进行能量平衡，以防止某些节点过度消耗能量。仿真结果验证了所提出的DHTA路由算法有效缓解了空域对转发数据包的影响，提高了数据包传递率（PDR），降低了平均能耗和能耗标准差。所提出的算法采用阈值进行能量平衡，以防止某些节点过度消耗能量。仿真结果验证了所提出的DHTA路由算法有效缓解了空域对转发数据包的影响，提高了数据包传递率（PDR），降低了平均能耗和能耗标准差。所提出的算法采用阈值进行能量平衡，以防止某些节点过度消耗能量。仿真结果验证了所提出的DHTA路由算法有效缓解了空域对转发数据包的影响，提高了数据包传递率（PDR），降低了平均能耗和能耗标准差。