1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) is an important building block in the chemical industry, which can be used to produce different products including tetrahydrofuran, γ-butyrolactone, polybutylene terephthalate, and polybutylene succinate. It has a broad application in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, materials, light industry and many other fields. The petroleum-based chemical synthesis method is the main route to produce 1,4-BDO but faces several issues such as non-renewability of raw materials, severe environmental pollution, complicated catalysis conditions and high production cost. The bio-based conversion method, relying on the microbial cell factories, is hence explored to produce 1,4-BDO owing to its advantages of environmental friendliness and green sustainability. In this work, the current status of the research on the production of 1,4-BDO by the engineered microbial cell factories was reviewed in terms of four aspects: (1) the multiple gene targets for overproducing 1,4-BDO; (2) the debottlenecking of rate-limiting steps in the synthesis pathway; (3) the control of the central carbon flux in 1,4-BDO synthesis; (4) the construction of novel pathways to convert different carbon sources to 1,4-BDO. The challenges and prospects were finally discussed and future works were proposed for the industrial production of 1,4-BDO by the bio-based method.

1,4-丁二醇 (1,4-BDO) 是化学工业中的重要组成部分，可用于生产不同的产品，包括四氢呋喃、γ-丁内酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚丁二酸丁二醇酯。在医药、化工、材料、轻工等诸多领域有着广泛的应用。石油基化学合成法是生产1,4-BDO的主要途径，但面临着原料不可再生、环境污染严重、催化条件复杂、生产成本高等问题。依托微生物细胞工厂的生物基转化法，因其具有环境友好和绿色可持续的优势，被探索生产1,4-BDO。在这项工作中，关于生产1的研究现状，工程微生物细胞工厂的4-BDO从四个方面进行了综述：（1）过量生产1,4-BDO的多个基因靶点；(2) 消除合成途径中的限速步骤；(3) 1,4-BDO合成中中心碳通量的控制；(4) 构建将不同碳源转化为 1,4-BDO 的新途径。最后讨论了挑战和前景，并提出了生物基方法工业生产 1,4-BDO 的未来工作。(4) 构建将不同碳源转化为 1,4-BDO 的新途径。最后讨论了挑战和前景，并提出了生物基方法工业生产 1,4-BDO 的未来工作。(4) 构建将不同碳源转化为 1,4-BDO 的新途径。最后讨论了挑战和前景，并提出了生物基方法工业生产 1,4-BDO 的未来工作。