Perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) are suitable ECL luminophore candidates with low triggering potentials and strong ECL signals for fundamental studies and practical applications. However, PDIs tend to aggregate, which affects their optical properties and limits their application in bio-imaging and bio-sensing fields. In this study, an ECL sensor is fabricated based on the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of N, N-bis(phosphonomethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene diimide (PMPDI) and Zr^IV ions on the surface of a mesoporous indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. When six layers of PMPDI are immobilized on ITO, the resulting PMPDI₆/ITO electrode shows maximum ECL intensity with K₂S₂O₈ as a co-reactant in the potential range 0 to −0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. LBL assembly decreases the aggregation and increases the loading of PMPDI on the mesoporous ITO substrate, which stabilizes and amplifies the ECL signals. The ECL method exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectivity with good stability and reproducibility, when used to detect dopamine (DA) under optimal experimental conditions.

苝二亚胺衍生物 (PDI) 是合适的 ECL 发光体候选物，具有低触发电位和强 ECL 信号，可用于基础研究和实际应用。然而，PDI容易聚集，这会影响其光学特性并限制其在生物成像和生物传感领域的应用。^{在这项研究中，基于 N，N-双（膦酰基甲基）-3,4,9,10-苝二亚胺（PMPDI）和 Zr IV}离子的逐层（LBL）组装制造了 ECL 传感器。介孔氧化铟锡 (ITO) 基板的表面。当六层 PMPDI 固定在 ITO 上时，生成的 PMPDI _{6 /ITO 电极在 K 2} S ₂ O ₈中显示出最大的 ECL 强度作为共反应物，电位范围为 0 到 -0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl。LBL 组装减少了聚集并增加了 PMPDI 在介孔 ITO 基板上的负载，从而稳定和放大了 ECL 信号。当用于在最佳实验条件下检测多巴胺 (DA) 时，ECL 方法具有出色的灵敏度和选择性，具有良好的稳定性和重现性。