为树木注入生命：皮孔的生理和生物力学功能,IAWA Journal

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为树木注入生命：皮孔的生理和生物力学功能
IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-20 , DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10090
Sabine Rosner ₁ , Hugh Morris ₁

Affiliation

小结皮孔可以定义为孔隙，它们是连续通气系统的入口，从大气通过活树皮到达周皮的其他保护层中的次生木质部。大多数关于皮孔的工作都集中在解剖学上，但对皮孔的结构-功能关系仍然知之甚少。气体交换被认为是皮孔的主要功能，类似于树叶中的气孔。在此透视回顾中，我们介绍了与气体交换以外的皮孔功能有关的新想法。我们回顾了关于皮孔结构的研究，因为这种知识可以提供有关结构-功能关系的信息。迄今为止调查的物种数量很少，我们提供染色技术建议，以便于对皮孔类型进行分类。在后续部分中，我们回顾并汇集了关于皮孔在日常“正常运行范围”中发挥作用的新假设，包括气体交换和裂缝预防的调节机制，“压力运行范围”包括洪水、干旱和干旱恢复以及“应急作业范围”，包括虫害、病原体侵染、伤人、弯腰等。我们的结论是，迄今为止，真皮组织，尤其是皮孔对树木存活的重要性一直被忽视。本综述旨在建立一个新的研究学科，称为“ 干旱和恢复干旱以及“紧急行动范围”，包括昆虫和病原体侵扰、受伤和弯曲。我们的结论是，迄今为止，真皮组织，尤其是皮孔对树木存活的重要性一直被忽视。本综述旨在建立一个新的研究学科，称为“ 干旱和恢复干旱以及“紧急行动范围”，包括昆虫和病原体侵扰、受伤和弯曲。我们的结论是，迄今为止，真皮组织，尤其是皮孔对树木存活的重要性一直被忽视。本综述旨在建立一个新的研究学科，称为“植物皮肤学”，这将通过将定量和定性的皮孔解剖学与树木水力学和生物力学联系起来，帮助填补有关树木生存的知识空白。朝着这个方向迈出的第一步将是从种类繁多的生物群落中筛选更多物种的皮孔结构。

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Breathing life into trees: the physiological and biomechanical functions of lenticels

Summary Lenticels can be defined as pores that are the entrance of a continuous aeration system from the atmosphere via the living bark to the secondary xylem in the otherwise protective layers of the periderm. Most work on lenticels has had an anatomical focus but the structure-function relationships of lenticels still remain poorly understood. Gas exchange has been considered the main function of lenticels, analogous to the stomata in leaves. In this perspective review, we introduce novel ideas pertaining to lenticel functions beyond gas exchange. We review studies on lenticel structure, as this knowledge can give information about structure-function relationships. The number of species investigated to-date is low and we provide suggestions for staining techniques for easy categorization of lenticel types. In the follow-up sections we review and bring together new hypotheses on lenticel functioning in the daily “normal operation range”, including regulative mechanisms for gas exchange and crack prevention, the “stress operation range” comprising flooding, drought and recovery from drought and the “emergency operation range”, which includes infestation by insects and pathogens, wounding and bending. We conclude that the significance of dermal tissues and particularly of lenticels for tree survival has so far been overlooked. This review aims to establish a new research discipline called “Phytodermatology”, which will help to fill knowledge gaps regarding tree survival by linking quantitative and qualitative lenticel anatomy to tree hydraulics and biomechanics. A first step into this direction will be to screen more species from a great diversity of biomes for their lenticel structure.

更新日期：2022-05-20

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