This study aims to investigate the effects of long-term nicosulfuron residue on an herbicide factory ecosystem. High-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the environmental microbial community structure and interactions. The results showed that the main contributor to the differences in the microbial community structure was the sample type, followed by oxygen content, pH and nicosulfuron residue concentration. Regardless of the presence or absence of nicosulfuron, soil, sludge, and sewage were dominated by groups of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Long-term exposure to nicosulfuron increased alpha diversity of bacteria and archaea but significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Acidobateria compared to soils without nicosulfuron residue. A total of 81 possible nicosulfuron-degrading bacterial genera, e.g., Rhodococcus, Chryseobacterium, Thermomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Bacillus, were isolated from the nicosulfuron factory environmental samples through culturomics. The co-occurrence network analysis indicated that the keystone taxa were Rhodococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Nitrospira, Terrimonas, and Nitrosomonadaceae_MND1. The strong ecological relationship between microorganisms with the same network module was related to anaerobic respiration, the carbon and nitrogen cycle, and the degradation of environmental contaminants. Synthetic community (SynCom), which provides an effective top-down approach for the critical degradation strains obtained, enhanced the degradation efficiency of nicosulfuron. The results indicated that Rhodococcus sp. was the key genus in the environment of long-term nicosulfuron exposure.

本研究旨在调查长期烟嘧磺隆残留对除草剂工厂生态系统的影响。高通量测序用于研究环境微生物群落结构和相互作用。结果表明，微生物群落结构差异的主要贡献者是样品类型，其次是氧含量、pH和烟嘧磺隆残留浓度。无论是否存在烟嘧磺隆，土壤、污泥和污水均以拟杆菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门为主。与没有烟嘧磺隆残留的土壤相比，长期暴露于烟嘧磺隆增加了细菌和古细菌的α多样性，但显着降低了拟杆菌和酸杆菌的丰度。总共 81 种可能的烟嘧磺隆降解菌属，例如，通过培养组学从烟嘧磺隆工厂环境样品中分离出红球菌属、金黄杆菌属、嗜热单胞菌属、窄食单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属。共现网络分析表明，关键类群是红球菌属、窄食单胞菌属、硝化螺菌属、Terrimonas和亚硝化单胞菌科_MND1 。具有相同网络模块的微生物之间的强生态关系与厌氧呼吸、碳氮循环和环境污染物降解有关。合成群落 (SynCom) 为获得的关键降解菌株提供了一种有效的自上而下的方法，提高了烟嘧磺隆的降解效率。结果表明，红球菌属。是长期烟嘧磺隆暴露环境中的关键菌属。