来自天然气、煤炭和生物质的基本石化产品：能源使用和二氧化碳排放,Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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来自天然气、煤炭和生物质的基本石化产品：能源使用和二氧化碳排放
Resources, Conservation and Recycling ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2009-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.005
Tao Ren , Martin K. Patel

虽然高价值基础石化产品 (HVC) 主要通过传统的石脑油和乙烷工艺路线生产，但也可以通过煤炭和生物质路线生产。在本文中，我们在能源使用和每吨 HVC 的二氧化碳排放量方面比较了这些路线。（术语 ton 和缩写 t 在本文中应理解为公吨或 1000 kg。）在从摇篮到坟墓的系统边界内，我们发现以下情况： • 常规路线的总能耗最低（约 60 GJ/t HVCs，其中 50GJ 是 HVCs 的热值），而甲烷路线高出 30%，煤炭和生物质路线高出约 60-150%。• 传统路线和甲烷路线的 CO2 总排放量约为 4-5 吨 CO2/t HVC，而生物质路线的 CO2 排放总量为 2 吨 CO2/t HVC（玉米乙醇相关路线）至 4 吨每吨 HVC 可避免二氧化碳排放（基于木质纤维素生物质的 Fischer-Tropsch 路线）。避免的二氧化碳排放是由于电力热电联产。迄今为止，以煤为基础的路线的 CO2 总排放量最高（8-11 吨 CO2/t HVC）。一个例外是具有 CO2 捕获和封存功能的煤炭路线，其 CO2 排放量与传统路线相似。技术上可以将二氧化碳捕获和封存功能添加到上述任何路线。鉴于上述差异很大，建议对煤炭和生物质路线的能源效率提高进行更多研究。

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Basic petrochemicals from natural gas, coal and biomass: Energy use and CO2 emissions

While high-value basic petrochemicals (HVCs) are mostly produced through conventional naphtha and ethane-based process routes, it is also possible to produce them through coal and biomass-based routes. In this paper, we compared these routes in terms of energy use and CO2 emissions per ton of HVCs. (The term ton and abbreviation t should be read in this paper as a metric ton or 1000 kg.) Within the cradle-to-grave system boundary, we found the following: • The total energy use of the conventional routes is the lowest (about 60 GJ/t HVCs, of which 50GJ is the calorific value of HVCs) whereas that of the methane-based routes is 30% higher, and that of the coal and biomass-based routes is about 60–150% higher. • The total CO2 emissions of conventional and methane-based routes are about 4–5 tons CO2/t HVCs whereas those from the biomass-based routes range from 2 tons CO2/t HVCs (a maize-based ethanol related route) to 4 tons CO2 avoided per ton HVCs (a lignocellulosic biomass-based Fischer–Tropsch route). Avoided CO2 emissions are due to electricity co-generation. The total CO2 emissions of coalbased routes are by far the highest (8–11 tons CO2/t HVCs). An exception is a coal-based route with CO2 capture and sequestration features, for which CO2 emissions are similar to those of the conventional routes. It is technically possible to add CO2 capture and sequestration features to any of the routes mentioned above. Given the large differences shown above, more research into energy efficiency improvement of coal and biomass-based routes is recommended. However, the total energy use of biomass and coal-based routes is unlikely to match that of the conventional state-of-the-art routes any time soon.

更新日期：2009-07-01

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