Why is breathing relevant in linguistics? In this review, we approach this question from different perspectives. The most popular view is that breathing adapts to speech because respiratory behavior has astonishing flexibility. We review research that shows that breathing pauses occur mostly at meaningful places, that breathing adapts to cognitive load during speech perception, and that breathing adapts to communicative needs in dialogue. However, speech may also adapt to breathing (e.g., the larynx can compensate for air loss, breathing can partially affect f0 declination). Enhanced breathing control may have played a role in vocalization and language evolution. These views are not mutually exclusive but, rather, reveal that speech production and breathing have an interwoven relationship that depends on communicative and physical constraints. We suggest that breathing should become an important topic for different linguistic areas and that future work should investigate the interaction between breathing and speech in different situational contexts. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 7 is January 14, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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口语的呼吸基础

为什么呼吸与语言学相关？在这篇综述中，我们从不同的角度来探讨这个问题。最流行的观点是呼吸适应说话，因为呼吸行为具有惊人的灵活性。我们回顾的研究表明，呼吸暂停主要发生在有意义的地方，呼吸适应语音感知期间的认知负荷，呼吸适应对话中的交流需求。然而，语音也可能适应呼吸（例如，喉部可以补偿空气损失，呼吸可以部分影响 f0 偏角）。增强的呼吸控制可能在发声和语言进化中发挥了作用。这些观点并不相互排斥，而是揭示了语音产生和呼吸具有相互交织的关系，这取决于交流和身体的限制。我们建议呼吸应该成为不同语言领域的一个重要话题，并且未来的工作应该研究不同情境中呼吸和言语之间的相互作用。《语言学年度评论》第 7 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2021 年 1 月 14 日。有关修订后的估计，请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。