Evidential constructions have two main semantic effects: They contribute information about an individual's source of evidence, and they potentially modify the force of a sentence. In this article, I review the at-issue status of the evidential information, the indexical and anaphoric properties of evidentials, their force-modifying effect, and the connection throughout to epistemic modality. In some languages, evidentials occur as part of the grammatical morphology, but evidential information can be expressed through a variety of constructions across languages. As such, the study of evidentiality highlights the important role of cross-linguistic semantics and the collaboration between language typology and linguistic semantics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 7 is January 14, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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证据、模态和言语行为

证据结构有两个主要的语义效果：它们提供有关个人证据来源的信息，并且它们可能会修改句子的力量。在这篇文章中，我回顾了证据信息的争议状态、证据的索引和照应性质、它们的力量修饰效应，以及与认知模态的联系。在某些语言中，证据作为语法形态的一部分出现，但证据信息可以通过跨语言的各种结构来表达。因此，证据性研究突出了跨语言语义学的重要作用以及语言类型学与语言语义学之间的协作。《语言学年度评论》第 7 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2021 年 1 月 14 日。