What factors influence listeners’ perception of meter in a musical piece or a musical style? Many cues are available in the musical “surface,” i.e., the pattern of sounds physically present during listening. Models of meter processing focus on the musical surface. However, percepts of meter and other musical features may also be shaped by reactivation of previously heard music, consistent with exemplar accounts of memory. The current study explores a phenomenon that is here termed metrical restoration: listeners who hear melodies with ambiguous meters report meter preferences that match previous listening experiences in the lab, suggesting reactivation of those experiences. Previous studies suggested that timbre and brief rhythmic patterns may influence metrical restoration. However, variations in the magnitude of effects in different experiments suggest that other factors are at work. Experiments reported here explore variation in metrical restoration as a function of: melodic diversity in timbre and tempo, associations of rhythmic patterns with particular melodies and meters, and associations of meter with overall melodic form. Rhythmic patterns and overall melodic form, but not timbre, had strong influences. Results are discussed with respect to style-specific or culture-specific musical processing, and everyday listening experiences. Implications for models of musical memory are also addressed.

中文翻译：

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从本地和全球旋律线索恢复韵律

哪些因素会影响听众对乐曲或音乐风格中节拍的感知？音乐“表面”中有许多线索，即聆听过程中实际存在的声音模式。仪表处理模型侧重于音乐表面。然而，节拍和其他音乐特征的感知也可以通过重新激活以前听到的音乐来塑造，这与记忆的示例性描述一致。目前的研究探索了一种在这里被称为韵律恢复的现象：听旋律模糊不清的听众报告的计量偏好与实验室以前的听力体验相匹配，这表明这些体验的重新激活。以前的研究表明，音色和简短的节奏模式可能会影响韵律的恢复。然而，不同实验中影响大小的变化表明其他因素在起作用。这里报告的实验探索了韵律恢复的变化作为函数：音色和速度的旋律多样性，节奏模式与特定旋律和韵律的关联，以及韵律与整体旋律形式的关联。节奏模式和整体旋律形式，但不是音色，有很大的影响。结果将针对特定风格或特定文化的音乐处理以及日常聆听体验进行讨论。对音乐记忆模型的影响也得到了解决。节奏模式与特定旋律和节奏的关联，以及节奏与整体旋律形式的关联。节奏模式和整体旋律形式，但不是音色，有很大的影响。结果将针对特定风格或特定文化的音乐处理以及日常聆听体验进行讨论。对音乐记忆模型的影响也得到了解决。节奏模式与特定旋律和节奏的关联，以及节奏与整体旋律形式的关联。节奏模式和整体旋律形式，但不是音色，有很大的影响。结果将针对特定风格或特定文化的音乐处理以及日常聆听体验进行讨论。对音乐记忆模型的影响也得到了解决。