蛋白磷酸酶 2A：一个高度调节的丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶家族，与细胞生长和信号传导有关,Biochemical Journal

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蛋白磷酸酶 2A：一个高度调节的丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶家族，与细胞生长和信号传导有关
Biochemical Journal ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2001-01-25 , DOI: 10.1042/bj3530417
Veerle JANSSENS ₁ , Jozef GORIS ₁

Affiliation

蛋白磷酸酶 2A (PP2A) 包含一个丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶家族，其最低限度含有一个高度保守的催化亚基，其活性受到高度调节。调节主要由调节亚基家族的成员完成，这些亚基决定了 PP2A 全酶的底物特异性、（亚）细胞定位和催化活性。此外，催化亚基受到两种类型的翻译后修饰，磷酸化和甲基化，这也被认为是重要的调节装置。PTPA（PTPase 激活剂）的调节能力，最初被确定为一种刺激 PP2A 磷酸酪氨酸磷酸酶活性的蛋白质，也将与其他调节输入一起讨论。在酵母中使用特定的 PP2A 抑制剂和分子遗传学，果蝇和小鼠揭示了 PP2A 在细胞周期调节、细胞形态和发育中的作用。PP2A 在特定信号转导级联的调节中也发挥着重要作用，正如它在许多大分子信号模块中的存在所证明的那样，它经常与其他磷酸酶和激酶结合。此外，PP2A 与大量其他细胞和病毒蛋白相互作用，这些蛋白是 PP2A 底物，将 PP2A 靶向不同的亚细胞区室或影响酶活性。最后，将涉及一些特定病理中 PP2A 的放松管制。正如它在许多大分子信号模块中的存在所证明的那样，它经常与其他磷酸酶和激酶结合。此外，PP2A 与大量其他细胞和病毒蛋白相互作用，这些蛋白是 PP2A 底物，将 PP2A 靶向不同的亚细胞区室或影响酶活性。最后，将涉及一些特定病理中 PP2A 的放松管制。正如它在许多大分子信号模块中的存在所证明的那样，它经常与其他磷酸酶和激酶结合。此外，PP2A 与大量其他细胞和病毒蛋白相互作用，这些蛋白是 PP2A 底物，将 PP2A 靶向不同的亚细胞区室或影响酶活性。最后，将涉及一些特定病理中 PP2A 的放松管制。

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Protein phosphatase 2A: a highly regulated family of serine/threonine phosphatases implicated in cell growth and signalling

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) comprises a family of serine/threonine phosphatases, minimally containing a well conserved catalytic subunit, the activity of which is highly regulated. Regulation is accomplished mainly by members of a family of regulatory subunits, which determine the substrate specificity, (sub)cellular localization and catalytic activity of the PP2A holoenzymes. Moreover, the catalytic subunit is subject to two types of post-translational modification, phosphorylation and methylation, which are also thought to be important regulatory devices. The regulatory ability of PTPA (PTPase activator), originally identified as a protein stimulating the phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity of PP2A, will also be discussed, alongside the other regulatory inputs. The use of specific PP2A inhibitors and molecular genetics in yeast, Drosophila and mice has revealed roles for PP2A in cell cycle regulation, cell morphology and development. PP2A also plays a prominent role in the regulation of specific signal transduction cascades, as witnessed by its presence in a number of macromolecular signalling modules, where it is often found in association with other phosphatases and kinases. Additionally, PP2A interacts with a substantial number of other cellular and viral proteins, which are PP2A substrates, target PP2A to different subcellular compartments or affect enzyme activity. Finally, the de-regulation of PP2A in some specific pathologies will be touched upon.

更新日期：2001-01-25

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