Background:

Ginsenoside Re (Re) belongs to protopanaxatriol saponins and exists in Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, Panax notoginseng, and other plants in the Araliaceae family. Re has recently become a research focus owing to its pharmacological activities and benefits to human bodies.

Purpose:

To summarize recent findings regarding the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Re and highlight and predict the potential therapeutic effects and systematic mechanism of Re.

Methods:

Recent studies (2011–2021) on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Re were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase up to December 2021 using relevant keywords. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis were used to predict the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Re against potential diseases.

Results:

Re presented a wide range of therapeutic and biological activities, including neuroprotective, cardiovascular, antidepressant, antitumorigenic, and others effects. The related pharmacological mechanisms of Re include the regulation of cholinergic and antioxidant systems in the brain; the induction of tumor cell apoptosis; the inhibition of tau protein hyperphosphorylation and oxidative stress; the activation of p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK signals; the improvement of lipid metabolism; and the reduction of endothelial cell dysfunction.

Conclusion:

This paper summarizes comprehensively the current research progress of Re and provides new research insights into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Re against potential diseases.

中文翻译：

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人参皂苷Re药理作用及相关机制的综合系统评价：近期进展与未来展望

背景：

人参皂甙Re(Re)属于原人参三醇皂苷，存在于五加科人参、三七、三七等植物中。Re最近因其药理活性和对人体的益处而成为研究热点。

目的：

总结近期关于 Re 的药理作用和机制的研究结果，突出和预测 Re 的潜在治疗作用和系统机制。

方法：

使用相关关键字从 Web of Science、PubMed、Google Scholar、Scopus 和 Embase 检索到关于 Re 的药理作用和机制的最新研究（2011-2021 年）。网络药理学和生物信息学分析用于预测Re对潜在疾病的治疗效果和机制。

结果：

Re 提出了广泛的治疗和生物活性，包括神经保护、心血管、抗抑郁、抗肿瘤和其他作用。Re的相关药理机制包括调节大脑中的胆碱能和抗氧化系统；诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡；抑制 tau 蛋白过度磷酸化和氧化应激；p38MAPK、ERK1/2 和 JNK 信号的激活；改善脂质代谢；和减少内皮细胞功能障碍。

结论：

本文全面总结了Re目前的研究进展，为Re对潜在疾病的治疗作用和机制提供了新的研究见解。