The aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors that constitute youth antisocial behavior (ASB) are shaped by intertwined genetic, developmental, familial, spatial, temporal, cultural, interpersonal, and contextual influences operating across multiple levels of analysis. Genetic influences on ASB, for example, manifest in different ways during different developmental periods, and do so in part as a function of exposure to harsh parenting, delinquent peers, and disadvantaged neighborhoods. There is also clear evidence documenting societal effects, time-period effects, sex-assigned-at-birth effects, and cohort effects, all of which point to prominent (and possibly interconnected) cultural influences on ASB. In short, ASB is shaped by individuals’ current and prior environmental experiences, genetic risks, and the time and place in which they live. This review seeks to illuminate already documented instances of interplay among the multilevel etiologic forces impinging on youth ASB, with the goal of facilitating additional research.

中文翻译：

---

影响青少年反社会行为的遗传、环境和文化力量紧密交织在一起


构成青少年反社会行为 （ASB） 的攻击性和违反规则的行为是由交织在一起的遗传、发展、家庭、空间、时间、文化、人际关系和背景影响塑造的，这些影响在多个分析层次上起作用。例如，遗传对 ASB 的影响在不同的发育时期以不同的方式表现出来，部分原因是暴露于严酷的养育方式、犯罪的同龄人和弱势社区。还有明确的证据表明社会影响、时间段影响、出生时性别分配影响和队列效应，所有这些都指向对 ASB 的突出（并且可能是相互关联的）文化影响。简而言之，ASB 是由个人当前和以前的环境经历、遗传风险以及他们生活的时间和地点塑造的。本综述旨在阐明已经记录的影响青年 ASB 的多层次病因学力量之间相互作用的实例，目的是促进更多的研究。