The first purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of risk for comorbid reading and mathematics disabilities (RMD) at start of first grade, when measured in a representative sample of 3,062 students with first-grade fluency measures (word reading; computation). The second purpose was to examine the utility of these measures for predicting RMD status within a sample of 577 students when RMD status was assessed at the end of second grade in terms of reading and math accuracy. When set at or below the 16th percentile, first-grade risk for RMD was two times more common than chance; at or below the 7th percentile, it was five times more common. Logistic regression showed that the two first-grade fluency measures accurately distinguished students with and without RMD in second grade; however, when cut scores were set to capture 85% of students with RMD, false positives were high. Overall, the results provide support for the use of fluency measures as an initial gating procedure in first grade, but additional gating steps appear necessary in the screening process to reduce false positives.

中文翻译：

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使用基于流利度的筛选评估预测合并症阅读和数学障碍的风险

本研究的第一个目的是检查一年级开始时合并阅读和数学障碍 (RMD) 的风险的普遍性，这是在 3,062 名具有一年级流畅性测量（单词阅读；计算）的学生的代表性样本中进行测量的。第二个目的是在二年级结束时根据阅读和数学准确性评估 RMD 状态时，检查这些措施在 577 名学生样本中预测 RMD 状态的效用。当设定在第 16 个百分位数或以下时，RMD 的一级风险比偶然风险高两倍；在第 7 个百分位数或以下，它的常见程度是其五倍。逻辑回归表明，一年级的两个流利度测量准确地区分了二年级有和没有 RMD 的学生；然而，当设置分数以捕获 85% 的 RMD 学生时，误报率很高。总体而言，结果支持使用流利度测量作为一年级的初始门控程序，但在筛选过程中似乎需要额外的门控步骤以减少误报。