In order to improve the thermal stability of anodized TiO₂ nanotube arrays, this paper proposed to fabricate the hybrid TiNb oxide nanotube arrays (TiNb ONA) on β-phase TiNb alloy plates by anodic oxidation. Then, TiNb ONA precursors were transformed into conductive nitride nanotube arrays (TiNb NNA) by nitridation at 800 °C. Introducing Nb contributes to the higher structural stability and easier nitridation of TiNb ONA compared with TiO₂ nanotube arrays. After that, the spinel CuFe₂O₄ and nanosized Re-Ni alloy were respectively loaded on TiNb ONA and TiNb NNA to form CuFe₂O₄/TiNb ONA and Re-Ni/ TiNb NNA composite electrodes, and their performances in the photoelectrochemical reduction of CO₂ and hydrogen evolution reactions were assessed respectively. Results showed that the well-maintained TiNb ONA improved the photo-response performance of the thermally-synthesized CuFe₂O₄, and TiNb NNA support also boosted the hydrogen evolution reaction because of the conductivity and catalytic activity of TiNb nitrides.